PerspectiveGraph

Miradi inayofuata mazoea bora hapa chini inaweza kujihakikisha kwa hiari na kuonyesha kuwa wamepata nishani ya mazoea bora ya Open Source Security Foundation (OpenSSF).

Hakuna seti ya mazoea yawezayo kuhakikisha kuwa programu haitakuwa na kasoro au udhaifu; hata mbinu rasmi zinaweza kushindwa ikiwa vipimo au dhana ni sahihi. Wala hakuna seti ya mazoea yawezayo kuhakikisha kuwa mradi utaendelea kuwa na jamii ya maendeleo yenye afya na inayofanya kazi vizuri. Hata hivyo, kufuata mazoea bora kunaweza kusaidia kuboresha matokeo ya miradi. Kwa mfano, baadhi ya mazoea huwezesha ukaguzi wa watu wengi kabla ya kutolewa, ambayo inaweza kusaidia kupata udhaifu wa kiufundi ambao vinginevyo ni vigumu kupata na kusaidia kujenga uaminifu na hamu ya mwingiliano wa kurudia kati ya wasanidi programu kutoka makampuni tofauti. Ili kupata nishani, vigezo vyote vya LAZIMA na LAZIMA WALA USIWAHI lazima vifuatwe, vigezo vyote vya INAPASWA lazima vifuatwe AU visivyo fufufutiliana na thibitisho, na vigezo vyote vya PENDEKEZA lazima vifuatwe AU visivyo fufufutiliana (tunataka vifikiwe angalau). Ikiwa unataka kuingiza maandishi ya thibitisho kama maoni ya jumla, badala ya kuwa maelezo ya busara kwamba hali ni inakubaliwa, anza kifungu cha maandishi na '//' ikifuatiwa na nafasi. Maoni ni karibu kupitia tovuti ya GitHub kama masuala au maombi ya kuvuta Kuna pia orodha ya barua pepe kwa majadiliano ya jumla.

Tunafuraha kutoa habari katika lugha nyingi, hata hivyo, ikiwa kuna mgongano au kutokuwa na usawa kati ya tafsiri, toleo la Kiingereza ni toleo lenye mamlaka.
Ikiwa huu ni mradi wako, tafadhali onyesha hadhi ya nishani yako kwenye ukurasa wa mradi wako! Hadhi ya nishani inaonekana kama hii: Kiwango cha nishani kwa mradi 13828 ni passing Hapa ni jinsi ya kuiweka:
Unaweza kuonyesha hali ya nishani yako kwa kuweka hii katika faili yako ya markdown:
[![OpenSSF Best Practices](https://www.bestpractices.dev/projects/13828/badge)](https://www.bestpractices.dev/projects/13828)
au kwa kuweka hii katika HTML yako:
<a href="https://www.bestpractices.dev/projects/13828"><img src="https://www.bestpractices.dev/projects/13828/badge"></a>


Hizi ni vigezo vya kiwango cha Kupita. Unaweza pia kuangalia vigezo vya kiwango cha Fedha au Dhahabu.

Baseline Series: Kiwango cha Msingi 1 Kiwango cha Msingi 2 Kiwango cha Msingi 3

        

 Misingi 13/13 ●

  • Jumla

    Kumbuka kwamba miradi mingine inaweza kutumia jina sawa.

    Finds the reachable paths from internet exposure, through excessive privilege, to a sensitive asset, by correlating the scanners you already run into one live graph of your environment. Flags them in the pull request that opens them and ships the fix as a PR. Open source, Apache-2.0.

    Tafadhali tumia muundo wa maneno ya leseni ya SPDX; mifano ni pamoja na "Apache-2.0", "BSD-2-Clause", "BSD-3-Clause", "GPL-2.0+", "LGPL-3.0+", "MIT", na "(BSD-2-Clause OR Ruby)". Usitumie alama za nukuu za moja au mbili.
    Ikiwa kuna lugha zaidi ya moja, ziorodhe kama thamani zilizotengwa kwa koma (nafasi ni za hiari) na ziorodhe kuanzia iliyotumiwa zaidi hadi iliyotumiwa kidogo. Ikiwa kuna orodha ndefu, tafadhali orodhesha angalau tatu za kawaida zaidi. Ikiwa hakuna lugha (k.m., huu ni mradi wa nyaraka tu au wa majaribio tu), tumia herufi moja "-". Tafadhali tumia herufi kubwa za kawaida kwa kila lugha, k.m., "JavaScript".
    Common Platform Enumeration (CPE) ni mpango wa kuweka majina yenye muundo kwa mifumo ya teknolojia ya habari, programu, na vifurushi. Inatumika katika mifumo na hifadhidata nyingi wakati wa kuripoti udhaifu.

  • Maudhui ya kimsingi ya tovuti ya mradi


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Tovuti ya mradi LAZIMA ieleze kwa ufupi programu inafanya nini (inasuluhu tatizo gani?). [description_good]
    Hii LAZIMA iwe katika lugha ambayo watumiaji watarajiwa wanaweza kuelewa (k.m., inatumia lugha ya kiufundi kidogo).

    The README opens by stating the problem the software solves and how, before any feature list: security tools report what they found and almost never what they know nothing about, and a false negative is invisible — nobody opens a ticket for an attack path they were never shown. PerspectiveGraph correlates the output of the scanners a team already runs into a single graph of the environment and reports the few routes that lead from the internet to critical assets, turning the pull request that opens one red and offering the fix as a pull request of its own.

    https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph#readme


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Tovuti ya mradi LAZIMA itoe habari juu ya jinsi ya: kupata, kutoa maoni (kama ripoti za hitilafu au maboresho), na kuchangia kwenye programu. [interact]

    The README covers all three:

    Obtain: signed release binaries for linux/macOS/Windows, signed multi-arch container images on GHCR, and make demo to run the whole stack locally — https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph#see-the-whole-engine-in-90-seconds
    Feedback: GitHub Issues for bugs and enhancements; security reports go through a separate private channel — https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/issues and https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/blob/main/SECURITY.md
    Contribute: CONTRIBUTING.md, linked from the README, plus issues labelled "good first issue" — https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Habari juu ya jinsi ya kuchangia LAZIMA ieleze mchakato wa uchangiaji (kwa mfano, je! Maombi ya kuvuta yanatumika?) (URL inahitajika) [contribution]
    Tunafikiria kuwa miradi kwenye GitHub hutumia maswala na kuvuta maombi isipokuwa palipoonyeshwa vingine. Habari hii inaweza kuwa fupi, kwa mfano, ikisema kuwa mradi hutumia maombi ya kuvuta, msako wa suala, au machapisho kwenye orodha ya barua (ipi?)

    Non-trivial contribution file in repository: https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md.


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Habari juu ya jinsi ya kuchangia INAPASWA kujumuisha mahitaji ya michango inayokubalika (k.m., rejeleo la kiwango chochote kinachohitajika cha usimbaji). (URL inahitajika) [contribution_requirements]

    CONTRIBUTING.md has a "Conventions" section stating the requirements explicitly: Go code must be gofmt, go vet and gosec clean, with an inline justification for any unavoidable gosec finding rather than a blanket exclude; new logic needs tests, and parsers need a fuzz test; new dependencies must be pure-Go. Frontend changes must pass tsc, build and vitest, use the inline SVG icon set rather than emoji, and take colours from the CSS design tokens. Dependency updates must go through make lockfile. Every user-facing change must update the docs, .env.example and the Postman collection. A preceding section lists the exact CI commands to run locally before opening a pull request.

    https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#conventions


  • Leseni ya FLOSS


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Programu iliyozalishwa na mradi LAZIMA itolewa kama FLOSS. [floss_license]
    FLOSS ni programu iliyotolewa kwa njia inayokidhi Ufafanuzi wa Chanzo Wazi au Ufafanuzi wa Programu Huria. Mifano ya leseni kama hizo ni pamoja na CC0, MIT, BSD 2-clause, BSD 3-clause revised, Apache 2.0, Lesser GNU General Public License (LGPL), na GNU General Public License (GPL). Kwa madhumuni yetu, hii inamaanisha kuwa leseni LAZIMA iwe: Programu YAWEZA pia kupatiwa leseni kwa njia nyingine (k.m., "GPLv2 au ya kibinafsi" inakubaliwa).

    The Apache-2.0 license is approved by the Open Source Initiative (OSI).


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    INAPENDEKEZA kwamba leseni yoyote inayohitajika kwa programu iliyozalishwa na mradi iwe imeidhinishwa na Open Source Initiative (OSI). [floss_license_osi]
    OSI inatumia mchakato mgumu wa uidhinishaji kuamua ni leseni zipi ni OSS.

    The Apache-2.0 license is approved by the Open Source Initiative (OSI).


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Mradi LAZIMA uweke leseni za matokeo yake mahali pa kawaida katika hazina yake ya chanzo. (URL inahitajika) [license_location]
    Desturi moja ni kuweka leseni kama faili ya ngazi ya juu inayoitwa LICENSE au COPYING, ambayo YAWEZA kufuatiwa na kiendelezi kama ".txt" au ".md". Desturi mbadala ni kuwa na saraka inayoitwa LICENSES inayohifadhi faili za leseni; faili hizi kwa kawaida zinaitwa kama kitambulisho chao cha leseni ya SPDX kikifuatiwa na kiendelezi kinachofaa, kama ilivyoelezwa katika Maelezo ya REUSE. Kumbuka kwamba kigezo hiki ni mahitaji tu kwenye hazina ya chanzo. Huhitaji kuingiza faili ya leseni wakati wa kuzalisha kitu kutoka kwenye msimbo wa chanzo (kama programu inayotekelezeka, kifurushi, au chombo). Kwa mfano, wakati wa kuzalisha kifurushi cha R kwa Mtandao wa Kumbukumbu Kamili wa R (CRAN), fuata mazoea ya kawaida ya CRAN: ikiwa leseni ni leseni ya kawaida, tumia maelezo mafupi ya kawaida ya leseni (ili kuepuka kusakinisha nakala nyingine ya maandishi) na orodhesha faili ya LICENSE katika faili ya kutengwa kama .Rbuildignore. Vivyo hivyo, wakati wa kuunda kifurushi cha Debian, unaweza kuweka kiungo katika faili ya hakimiliki kwa maandishi ya leseni katika /usr/share/common-licenses, na utenge faili ya leseni kutoka kwenye kifurushi kilichoundwa (k.m., kwa kufuta faili baada ya kuita dh_auto_install). Tunashauri jumuisha maelezo ya leseni yanayoweza kusomwa na mashine katika miundo iliyozalishwa mahali inapofaa.

    Non-trivial license location file in repository: https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/blob/main/LICENSE.


  • Nyaraka


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Mradi LAZIMA utoe nyaraka za msingi za programu iliyozalishwa na mradi. [documentation_basics]
    Nyaraka hizi lazima ziwe katika vyombo fulani (kama maandishi au video) vinavyojumuisha: jinsi ya kuisakinisha, jinsi ya kuianzisha, jinsi ya kuitumia (huenda ikijumuisha mafunzo kwa kutumia mifano), na jinsi ya kuitumia kwa usalama (k.m., nini cha kufanya na nini cha kutofanya) ikiwa hiyo ni mada inayofaa kwa programu. Nyaraka za usalama lazima zisiwe ndefu. Mradi YAWEZA kutumia viungo vya hypertext kwa nyenzo zisizo za mradi kama nyaraka. Ikiwa mradi hauzalishi programu, chagua "haihusiki" (N/A).

    Some documentation basics file contents found.


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Mradi LAZIMA utoe nyaraka za marejeleo zinazofafanua kiolesura cha nje (ingizo na matokeo) cha programu iliyozalishwa na mradi. [documentation_interface]
    Nyaraka za kiolesura cha nje zinaeleza kwa mtumiaji wa mwisho au msanidi jinsi ya kuitumia. Hii itajumuisha kiolesura chake cha programu ya programu (API) ikiwa programu ina. Ikiwa ni maktaba, andika madarasa/aina kuu na mbinu/vitendakazi vinavyoweza kuitwa. Ikiwa ni programu ya wavuti, fafanua kiolesura chake cha URL (mara nyingi kiolesura chake cha REST). Ikiwa ni kiolesura cha mstari wa amri, andika vigezo na chaguo zinazosaidia. Katika hali nyingi ni bora ikiwa nyingi ya nyaraka hizi zinazalishwa kiotomatiki, ili nyaraka hizi zibaki zikisawazishwa na programu inavyobadilika, lakini hii haihitajiki. Mradi YAWEZA kutumia viungo vya hypertext kwa nyenzo zisizo za mradi kama nyaraka. Nyaraka ZIWEZA kuzalishwa kiotomatiki (ambapo ni vitendo hii mara nyingi ndiyo njia bora ya kufanya hivyo). Nyaraka za kiolesura cha REST zinaweza kuzalishwa kwa kutumia Swagger/OpenAPI. Nyaraka za kiolesura cha msimbo ZINAWEZA kuzalishwa kwa kutumia zana kama vile JSDoc (JavaScript), ESDoc (JavaScript), pydoc (Python), devtools (R), pkgdown (R), na Doxygen (nyingi). Kuwa na maoni tu katika msimbo wa utekelezaji haitoshi kutosheleza kigezo hiki; kunahitaji kuwa na njia rahisi ya kuona habari bila kusoma kupitia msimbo wote wa chanzo. Ikiwa mradi hauzalishi programu, chagua "haihusiki" (N/A).

    The external interface is documented in four complementary places:

    GraphQL API: the full schema is frozen in the repository and guarded by a snapshot test that fails the build on any undeclared change — https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/blob/main/docs/api/schema.graphql
    Compatibility contract: what is stable, what may change, and what a version bump means — https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/blob/main/docs/API-STABILITY.md
    Ingest event contract and REST endpoints: documented in the manual, with every endpoint exercised by an importable Postman collection (55 requests) — https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/blob/main/docs/MANUAL.md and https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/blob/main/docs/perspectivegraph.postman_collection.json
    Configuration: every environment variable, with semantics and defaults — https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/blob/main/.env.example


  • Mengine


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Tovuti za mradi (tovuti, hifadhi, na URL za kupakua) LAZIMA zisaidie HTTPS kwa kutumia TLS. [sites_https]
    Hii inahitaji kwamba URL ya ukurasa wa nyumbani wa mradi na URL ya hifadhi ya udhibiti wa toleo vianze na "https:", si "http:". Unaweza kupata vyeti vya bure kutoka Let's Encrypt. Miradi YAWEZA kutekeleza kigezo hiki kwa kutumia (kwa mfano) GitHub pages, GitLab pages, au SourceForge project pages. Ikiwa unasaidia HTTP, tunakuhimiza uelekeze trafiki ya HTTP kwenda HTTPS.

    Given only https: URLs.


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Mradi LAZIMA uwe na taratibu moja au zaidi za majadiliano (ikiwa ni pamoja na mabadiliko yaliyopendekezwa na masuala) yenye utafutaji, inaruhusu ujumbe na mada kuelekezwa kwa URL, inaruhusu watu wapya kushiriki katika baadhi ya majadiliano, na haihitaji usakinishaji wa upande wa mteja wa programu ya kibinafsi. [discussion]
    Mifano ya taratibu zinazokubalika ni pamoja na orodha za barua pepe zilizohifadhiwa, majadiliano ya suala la GitHub na ombi la kuvuta, Bugzilla, Mantis, na Trac. Taratibu za majadiliano yasiyo ya wakati mmoja (kama IRC) zinakubaliwa ikiwa zinakidhi vigezo hivi; hakikisha kuna utaratibu wa kuhifadhi unaoelekezwa kwa URL. JavaScript ya kibinafsi, ingawa haikubalika, inaruhusiwa.

    GitHub supports discussions on issues and pull requests.


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Mradi UNAPASWA kutoa nyaraka kwa Kiingereza na uweze kukubali ripoti za hitilafu na maoni kuhusu msimbo kwa Kiingereza. [english]
    Kiingereza kwa sasa ni lingua franca ya teknolojia ya kompyuta; kusaidia Kiingereza huongeza idadi ya wasanidi na wakaguzi tofauti wa uwezekano duniani kote. Mradi unaweza kukidhi kigezo hiki hata ikiwa lugha ya msingi ya wasanidi wake wakuu si Kiingereza.

    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Mradi LAZIMA utunzwe. [maintained]
    Kama kiwango cha chini, mradi unapaswa kujaribu kujibu ripoti za tatizo muhimu na udhaifu. Mradi unaofuata kwa bidii nishani pengine unatengenezwa. Miradi yote na watu wana rasilimali zilizowekewa mipaka, na miradi ya kawaida lazima ikatae baadhi ya mabadiliko yaliyopendekezwa, hivyo rasilimali zilizowekewa mipaka na kukataa mapendekezo sio ishara ya mradi usiotekelezwa.

    Mradi unapojua kwamba hautatengenezwa tena, unapaswa kuweka kigezo hiki kama "Haikidhi" na utumie utaratibu sahihi ili kuwaonyesha wengine kwamba hautengenezwi. Kwa mfano, tumia "DEPRECATED" kama kichwa cha kwanza cha README yake, ongeza "DEPRECATED" karibu na mwanzo wa ukurasa wake wa nyumbani, ongeza "DEPRECATED" mwanzoni mwa maelezo ya mradi wa hifadhi ya msimbo, ongeza nishani isiyolindwa katika README yake na/au ukurasa wa nyumbani, iweke kama iliyolemewa katika hifadhi yoyote ya kifurushi (k.m., npm deprecate), na/au utumie mfumo wa alama wa hifadhi ya msimbo ili kuihifadhi (k.m., mpangilio wa "archive" wa GitHub, alama ya "archived" ya GitLab, hali ya "readonly" ya Gerrit, au hali ya mradi wa "abandoned" wa SourceForge). Majadiliano ya ziada yanaweza kupatikana hapa.

    The project is actively maintained: 136 commits in the last 90 days and 15 releases, the most recent being v1.2.0. Releases are automated with release-please and every one carries a changelog entry. Issues and pull requests are handled by the maintainer.

    https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/commits/main
    https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/releases


 Udhibiti wa Mabadiliko 9/9 ●

  • Hifadhi ya chanzo ya kudhibiti toleo ya hadharani


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Mradi LAZIMA uwe na hifadhi ya chanzo ya kudhibiti toleo ambayo inaweza kusomwa hadharani na ina URL. [repo_public]
    URL YAWEZA kuwa sawa na URL ya mradi. Mradi YAWEZA kutumia matawi ya faragha (yasiyo ya umma) katika hali maalum wakati mabadiliko hayajatolewa hadharani (k.m., kwa kurekebisha udhaifu kabla haujafichuliwa kwa umma).

    Repository on GitHub, which provides public git repositories with URLs.


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Hifadhi ya chanzo ya mradi LAZIMA ifuatilie mabadiliko yaliyofanywa, nani alifanya mabadiliko, na mabadiliko yalifanywa lini. [repo_track]

    Repository on GitHub, which uses git. git can track the changes, who made them, and when they were made.


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Ili kuwezesha ukaguzi wa ushirikiano, hifadhi ya chanzo ya mradi LAZIMA ijumuishe matoleo ya kati kwa ukaguzi kati ya matoleo; HAIPASWA kujumuisha matoleo ya mwisho tu. [repo_interim]
    Miradi YAWEZA kuchagua kuondoa matoleo maalum ya kati kutoka hifadhi zao za chanzo za umma (k.m., zile zinazorekebi udhaifu maalum usiokuwa wa umma, huenda zisitolewe hadharani, au zijumuishe nyenzo ambazo haziwezi kuwekwa kisheria na haziko katika toleo la mwisho).

    The repository contains the full development history, not release snapshots: 136 commits on main, of which only 14 are the automated release commits - so 122 are interim work available for review between releases. Changes land through pull requests that run the full CI suite (build, vet, tests, race detector, staticcheck, gosec, govulncheck, CodeQL, Trivy, fuzzing and an 80% coverage gate) before merge.

    https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/commits/main
    https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aclosed


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    INASHAURIWA kwamba programu ya kawaida ya udhibiti wa toleo iliyosambazwa itumike (k.m., git) kwa hifadhi ya chanzo ya mradi. [repo_distributed]
    Git haihitajiki kihususa na miradi inaweza kutumia programu ya udhibiti wa toleo iliyokusanyika (kama subversion) na sababu.

    Repository on GitHub, which uses git. git is distributed.


  • Unambari wa toleo wa kipekee


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Matokeo ya mradi LAZIMA yawe na kitambulisho cha kipekee cha toleo kwa kila toleo linalokusudiwa kutumiwa na watumiaji. [version_unique]
    Hii YAWEZA kukidhi kwa njia mbalimbali ikiwa ni pamoja na vitambulisho vya kuwasilisha (kama kitambulisho cha kuwasilisha cha git au kitambulisho cha seti ya mabadiliko cha mercurial) au nambari ya toleo (ikiwa ni pamoja na nambari za toleo zinazotumia uainishaji wa maana au mipango ya tarehe kama YYYYMMDD).

    Every release has a unique version identifier. 16 git tags, all of the form vX.Y.Z, with no duplicates. Versions are produced by release-please from Conventional Commits, so a version is never reused or hand-assigned, and the same identifier appears on the git tag, the GitHub release, the release binaries, the container image tags on GHCR, and the version markers in the README.

    https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/tags


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    INASHAURIWA kwamba muundo wa nambari ya toleo ya Semantic Versioning (SemVer) au Calendar Versioning (CalVer) itumike kwa matoleo. INASHAURIWA kwamba wale wanaotumia CalVer wajumuishe thamani ya kiwango cha mdogo. [version_semver]
    Miradi kwa ujumla inapaswa kupendelea muundo wowote unaotarajiwa na watumiaji wao, k.m., kwa sababu ni muundo wa kawaida unaotumiwa na ikolojia yao. Ikolojia nyingi zinapendelea SemVer, na SemVer kwa ujumla hupendelewa kwa kiolesura cha programu ya programu (API) na zana za maendeleo ya programu (SDK). CalVer hutumiwa na miradi ambayo ni kubwa, ina idadi kubwa ya utegemezi ulioundwa kwa uhuru, ina upeo wa mara kwa mara unaobadilika, au ni ya muda muhimu. INASHAURIWA kwamba wale wanaotumia CalVer wajumuishe thamani ya kiwango cha mdogo, kwa sababu kujumuisha kiwango cha mdogo kunasaidia matawi yaliyotunzwa kwa wakati mmoja wakati wowote hilo linakuwa lazima. Miundo mingine ya nambari ya toleo inaweza kutumiwa kama nambari za toleo, ikiwa ni pamoja na vitambulisho vya kuwasilisha cha git au vitambulisho vya seti ya mabadiliko cha mercurial, mradi tu vikitambulisha matoleo kwa kipekee. Hata hivyo, baadhi ya mbadala (kama vitambulisho vya kuwasilisha cha git) vinaweza kusababisha matatizo kama vitambulisho vya toleo, kwa sababu watumiaji huenda wasiwe na uwezo wa kuamua kwa urahisi ikiwa wako na toleo la hivi karibuni. Muundo wa kitambulisho cha toleo unaweza kutokuwa wa maana kwa kutambulisha matoleo ya programu ikiwa wapokeaji wote wanaendesha toleo la hivi karibuni tu (k.m., ni msimbo wa tovuti moja au huduma ya mtandao ambayo inasasishwa mara kwa mara kupitia utoaji wa kuendelea).

    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    INASHAURIWA kwamba miradi itambulishe kila toleo ndani ya mfumo wao wa udhibiti wa toleo. Kwa mfano, INASHAURIWA kwamba wale wanaotumia git watambulishe kila toleo kwa kutumia lebo za git. [version_tags]

    Every release is identified in version control by a git tag of the form vX.Y.Z, created automatically by release-please when the release pull request is merged. 16 tags to date, matching the 15 published GitHub releases one to one.

    https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/tags


  • Maelezo ya kutolewa


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Mradi LAZIMA utoe, katika kila toleo, maelezo ya toleo ambayo ni muhtasari unaosomeka na binadamu wa mabadiliko makuu katika toleo hilo ili kuwasaidia watumiaji kuamua ikiwa wanapaswa kusasisha na athari ya kusasisha itakuwa nini. Maelezo ya toleo LAZIMA yasiwe matokeo ghafi ya kumbukumbu ya udhibiti wa toleo (k.m., matokeo ya amri ya "git log" si maelezo ya toleo). Miradi ambayo matokeo yake hayakusudiwa kutumika tena katika maeneo mengi (kama programu kwa tovuti moja au huduma) NA wanaotumia utoaji wa kuendelea WAWEZA kuchagua "N/A". (URL inahitajika) [release_notes]
    Maelezo ya toleo YAWEZA kutekelezwa kwa njia mbalimbali. Miradi mingi hutoa katika faili inayoitwa "NEWS", "CHANGELOG", au "ChangeLog", kwa hiari na viendelezi kama ".txt", ".md", au ".html". Kihistoria neno "change log" lilimaanisha kumbukumbu ya kila mabadiliko, lakini ili kukidhi vigezo hivi kinachohitajika ni muhtasari unaosomeka na binadamu. Maelezo ya toleo YAWEZA badala yake kutolewa na taratibu za mfumo wa udhibiti wa toleo kama mtiririko wa Matoleo ya GitHub.

    Non-trivial release notes file in repository: https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md.


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Maelezo ya toleo LAZIMA yatambulishe kila udhaifu wa muda wa kutekeleza uliojulikana hadharani uliorekebishwa katika toleo hili ambao tayari ulikuwa na mgawanyo wa CVE au sawa wakati toleo lilipobuniwa. Kigezo hiki kinaweza kuwekwa alama kama haihusiki (N/A) ikiwa watumiaji kwa kawaida hawawezi kwa vitendo kusasisha programu wao wenyewe (k.m., kama inavyokuwa kweli mara nyingi kwa masasisho ya kernel). Kigezo hiki kinatumika tu kwa matokeo ya mradi, si kwa utegemezi wake. Ikiwa hakuna maelezo ya toleo au hakujawa na udhaifu uliojulikana hadharani, chagua N/A. [release_notes_vulns]
    Kigezo hiki kinawasaidia watumiaji kuamua ikiwa sasisho fulani litarekebisha udhaifu ambao unajulikana hadharani, ili kuwasaidia watumiaji kufanya uamuzi wa habari kuhusu kusasisha. Ikiwa watumiaji kwa kawaida hawawezi kwa vitendo kusasisha programu wao wenyewe kwenye kompyuta zao, lakini badala yake lazima wategemee wapatanishi mmoja au zaidi kutekeleza sasisho (kama inavyokuwa mara nyingi kwa kernel na programu ya kiwango cha chini ambayo imefungwa na kernel), mradi unaweza kuchagua "haihusiki" (N/A) badala yake, kwani habari hii ya ziada haitakuwa ya msaada kwa watumiaji hao. Vivyo hivyo, mradi unaweza kuchagua N/A ikiwa wapokeaji wote wanaendesha toleo la hivi karibuni tu (k.m., ni msimbo wa tovuti moja au huduma ya mtandao ambayo inasasishwa mara kwa mara kupitia utoaji wa kuendelea). Kigezo hiki kinatumika tu kwa matokeo ya mradi, si kwa utegemezi wake. Kuorodhesha udhaifu wa utegemezi wote wa mpito wa mradi unakuwa mgumu kadiri utegemezi unavyoongezeka na kutofautiana, na haihitajiki kwani zana zinazochunguza na kufuatilia utegemezi zinaweza kufanya hivi kwa njia inayopanuka.

    N/A: no publicly known vulnerability with a CVE assignment has ever affected this project's own code. Every release carries generated release notes (release-please, from Conventional Commits) and a CHANGELOG entry, so the mechanism to record such a fix exists and will be used if one is ever assigned. Security reporting goes through a private channel documented in SECURITY.md, and no advisory has been published against the repository.

    https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/releases
    https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/security/advisories


 Kuripoti 8/8 ●

  • Mchakato wa kuripoti hitilafu


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Mradi LAZIMA utoe mchakato kwa watumiaji kuwasilisha ripoti za hitilafu (k.m., kwa kutumia kifuatiliaji cha masuala au orodha ya barua pepe). (URL inahitajika) [report_process]

    Non-trivial SECURITY[.md] file found file in repository: https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/blob/main/SECURITY.md. [osps_do_02_01]


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Mradi UNAPASWA kutumia kifuatiliaji cha masuala kwa kufuatilia masuala ya mtu binafsi. [report_tracker]

    GitHub Issues is enabled and is the tracker for individual issues, with labels used to mark entry points for new contributors ("good first issue"). Pull requests are tracked in the same place and every one runs the full CI suite before merge.

    https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/issues


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Mradi LAZIMA uthibitishe wengi wa ripoti za hitilafu zilizowasilishwa katika miezi 2-12 iliyopita (ikiwemo); jibu halihitaji kuwa na marekebisho. [report_responses]

    No bug report has been submitted by anyone other than the maintainer in the period. The five open issues were all opened by the maintainer as scoped tasks for new contributors, so there is no backlog of unacknowledged external reports. The project went public very recently; the tracker is open and monitored.


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Mradi UNAPASWA kujibu wengi (>50%) wa maombi ya maboresho katika miezi 2-12 iliyopita (ikiwemo). [enhancement_responses]
    Jibu LIWEZA kuwa 'hapana' au majadiliano kuhusu manufaa yake. Lengo ni kwamba kuwe na jibu fulani kwa baadhi ya maombi, ambayo inaonyesha kwamba mradi bado unaishi. Kwa madhumuni ya kigezo hiki, miradi haihitaji kuhesabu maombi ya bandia (k.m., kutoka kwa wafanyabiashara haramu au mifumo ya kiotomatiki). Ikiwa mradi hauendelei kufanya maboresho tena, tafadhali chagua "haijatimizwa" na jumuisha URL inayofanya hali hii kuwa wazi kwa watumiaji. Ikiwa mradi huwa na msongo wa maombi ya maboresho, tafadhali chagua "haijatimizwa" na eleza.

    Same situation as bug reports: no enhancement request has been submitted by a third party in the period. Planned work is tracked publicly in ROADMAP.md, which states explicitly what is done, what is scaffolded and what has not been started, so the direction is reviewable before anyone asks.

    https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/issues
    https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/blob/main/ROADMAP.md


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Mradi LAZIMA uwe na kumbukumbu inayopatikana hadharani kwa ripoti na majibu kwa utaftaji wa baadaye. (URL inahitajika) [report_archive]

    GitHub Issues is the public, searchable archive of reports and responses; it is open to anyone without an account for reading, and every issue keeps its full comment history. Pull request discussions are archived in the same place, and each release links the commits it contains.

    https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/issues?q=is%3Aissue


  • Mchakato wa kuripoti udhaifu


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Mradi LAZIMA uchapishe mchakato wa kuripoti udhaifu kwenye tovuti ya mradi. (URL inahitajika) [vulnerability_report_process]
    Miradi iliyohifadhiwa kwenye GitHub INAPASWA kuzingatia kuwezesha kuripoti udhaifu wa usalama kwa faragha. Miradi kwenye GitLab INAPASWA kuzingatia kutumia uwezo wake wa kuripoti udhaifu kwa faragha. Miradi YAWEZA kutambulisha anwani ya barua pepe kwenye https://PROJECTSITE/security, mara nyingi katika muundo wa security@example.org. Mchakato huu wa kuripoti udhaifu UWEZA kuwa sawa na mchakato wake wa kuripoti hitilafu. Ripoti za udhaifu ZIWEZA kuwa za umma kila wakati, lakini miradi mingi ina utaratibu wa kuripoti udhaifu wa faragha.

    SECURITY.md publishes the process: how to report, what to include, what happens next, and what is in and out of scope. It states the preferred private channel and a fallback if private reporting is unavailable, and describes how the reporter is credited in the advisory and release notes unless they prefer anonymity. It is linked from the README and surfaced by GitHub in the repository's Security tab.

    https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/blob/main/SECURITY.md


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Ikiwa ripoti za udhaifu wa faragha zinasaidiwa, mradi LAZIMA ujumuishe jinsi ya kutuma habari kwa njia ambayo inawekwa faragha. (URL inahitajika) [vulnerability_report_private]
    Mifano ni pamoja na ripoti ya kasoro ya faragha iliyowasilishwa kwenye wavuti kwa kutumia HTTPS (TLS) au barua pepe iliyosimbwa kwa kutumia OpenPGP. Ikiwa ripoti za udhaifu ni za umma kila wakati (kwa hiyo hakuna ripoti za udhaifu za faragha), chagua "haihusiki" (N/A).

    Private reporting is supported and is the preferred route. GitHub private vulnerability reporting is enabled on the repository (verified: the API reports "enabled": true), so a reporter uses Security → Report a vulnerability and the report stays private to the maintainers until a fix is published. SECURITY.md documents this as the first option, with a fallback for cases where it is unavailable: open a minimal public issue containing no details, asking only for a private contact.

    https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/blob/main/SECURITY.md


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Muda wa majibu ya awali ya mradi kwa ripoti yoyote ya udhaifu iliyopokelewa katika miezi 6 iliyopita LAZIMA uwe chini ya au sawa na siku 14. [vulnerability_report_response]
    Ikiwa hakujawa na udhaifu ulioripotiwa katika miezi 6 iliyopita, chagua "haihusiki" (N/A).

    N/A: no vulnerability report has been received. The repository has no published or draft security advisories, and no third party has opened an issue. The reporting channel is documented and live (GitHub private vulnerability reporting is enabled on the repository), so reports have somewhere to arrive; none have.

    https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/security/advisories


 Ubora 13/13 ●

  • Mfumo wa ujenzi unaofanya kazi


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Ikiwa programu iliyotengenezwa na mradi inahitaji ujenzi wa matumizi, mradi LAZIMA utoe mfumo wa kujenga ambao unaweza kujenga programu kiotomatiki kutoka kwa chanzo-msimbo. [build]
    Mfumo wa kujenga huamua ni hatua gani zinahitaji kutendeka ili kujenga tena programu (na kwa mpangilio gani), na kisha kutekeleza hatua hizo. Kwa mfano, inaweza kuomba kikusanyaji kukusanya fumbo-chanzo. Ikiwa inayoweza kutekelezwa imeundwa kutoka kwa fumbo-chanzo, lazima iwezeshe marekebisho kwenye fumbo-chanzo ya mradi na kisha itengeneze msasisho inayoweza kutekelezwa na marekebisho hayo. Ikiwa programu iliyotolewa na mradi unategemea maktaba ya nje, mfumo wa kujenga haina haja ya kujenga maktaba hizo za nje. Ikiwa hakuna haja ya kujenga chochote kutumia programu baada ya fumbo-chanzo kubadilishwa, chagua "haitumiki" (N / A).

    Non-trivial build file in repository: https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/blob/main/Makefile.


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    INAPENDEKEZWA kuwa zana za kawaida zitumike kujenga programu. [build_common_tools]
    Kwa mfano, Maven, Ant, cmake, autotools, make, rake (Ruby), au devtools (R).

    Non-trivial build file in repository: https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/blob/main/Makefile.


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Mradi UNAPASWA kujengwa kwa kutumia zana za FLOSS pekee yake. [build_floss_tools]

    The entire toolchain is FLOSS: Go (BSD-3-Clause), Node/npm (MIT), Make, Docker/BuildKit (Apache-2.0), Helm (Apache-2.0), and for the release path cosign, syft and Trivy (all Apache-2.0). Nothing proprietary is required to build, test or release. CGO_ENABLED=0 keeps the build free of a system C toolchain as well.


  • Seti ya majaribio otomatiki


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Mradi LAZIMA utumie angalau seti moja ya majaribio ya kiotomatiki ambayo imetolewa hadharani kama FLOSS (seti hii ya majaribio inaweza kutunzwa kama mradi tofauti wa FLOSS). Mradi LAZIMA uonyeshe wazi au uandike jinsi ya kuendesha seti za majaribio (k.m., kupitia hati ya uingizaji wa kuendelea (CI) au kupitia nyaraka katika faili kama BUILD.md, README.md, au CONTRIBUTING.md). [test]
    Mradi YAWEZA kutumia seti nyingi za majaribio ya kiotomatiki (k.m., moja inayoendesha haraka, dhidi ya nyingine ambayo ni ya kina zaidi lakini inahitaji vifaa maalum). Kuna mifumo mingi ya majaribio na mifumo ya kusaidia majaribio inayopatikana, ikiwemo Selenium (uendeshaji kiotomatiki wa kivinjari cha wavuti), Junit (JVM, Java), RUnit (R), testthat (R).

    Two automated suites, both FLOSS: Go's standard testing package (BSD-3-Clause) for the backend, and Vitest (MIT) for the dashboard. How to run them is documented in CONTRIBUTING.md and wired into the Makefile (make test), and CI runs both on every push.

    https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#dev-loop
    https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/blob/main/Makefile


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Seti ya majaribio INAPASWA kuwa inaweza kuitwa kwa njia ya kawaida kwa lugha hiyo. [test_invocation]
    Kwa mfano, "make check", "mvn test", au "rake test" (Ruby).

    go test ./... for the backend and npm test for the frontend — the standard invocation for each language, with no custom harness. make test runs the backend suite for convenience.


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    INAPENDEKEZWA kwamba seti ya majaribio ifuate wengi (au kwa kawaida wote) matawi ya msimbo, sehemu za kuingiza, na utendakazi. [test_most]

    Statement coverage on the engine (internal/ and pkg/) is 81.1%, enforced by a CI gate that fails below 80% and uses cross-package attribution so a package tested through another still gets credit. 533 tests across 56 packages. Beyond unit tests: 11 Go fuzz targets against the ingest parsers, a deterministic hostile-input battery (11 collectors × 23 payloads) that runs on every build, -race across all packages, an integration suite against a real Apache AGE database, and a CloudGoat benchmark that measures the path-finding engine's precision and recall against declared ground truth.

    Not covered: cmd/ sits at ~1% by design — it is process wiring, and the security-relevant parts of it (the production, auth and secret startup gates) are extracted into pure functions that are tested.


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    INAPENDEKEZWA kwamba mradi utekeleze ujumuishaji wendeleo (ambapo msimbo mpya au uliobadiishwa unajumuishwa mara kwa mara katika hifadhi ya msimbo ya kati na majaribio otomatiki hufanyika kwenye matokeo). [test_continuous_integration]

    Every push and pull request runs build, go vet, tests, -race, staticcheck, gosec, govulncheck, the coverage gate, the frontend build/lint/test/audit, an Apache AGE integration job, container image scanning with Trivy, CodeQL, gitleaks and OpenSSF Scorecard. Fuzzing runs as its own workflow. Releases are automated end to end: release-please cuts the version, then binaries and multi-arch images are built, signed with cosign, and attested with an SBOM and SLSA provenance.

    https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/actions


  • Upimaji wa utendaji mpya


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Mradi LAZIMA uwe na sera ya jumla (rasmi au la) kwamba utendakazi mkubwa mpya unavyoongezwa kwenye programu inayotengenezwa na mradi, majaribio ya utendakazi huo unapaswa kuongezwa kwenye seti ya majaribio otomatiki. [test_policy]
    Mradi uwe na sera tu, hata kwa maneno ya mdomo, inayosema wasanidi programu wanapaswa kuongeza majaribio kwenye seti ya majaribio otomatiki kwa utendakazi mkubwa mpya, chagua "Kukidhi."

    CONTRIBUTING.md states it under "Conventions": "Tests (and a fuzz test for parsers) for new logic." The policy is enforced mechanically as well as socially — a coverage gate fails the build below 80% on internal/ and pkg/, so new logic without tests moves the number down and blocks the merge.

    https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#conventions


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Mradi LAZIMA uwe na ushahidi kwamba test_policy ya kuongeza majaribio imefuatwa katika mabadiliko makubwa ya hivi karibuni kwenye programu inayotengenezwa na mradi. [tests_are_added]
    Utendakazi mkubwa kawaida ungetajwa katika maelezo ya toleo. Ukamilifu hauhitajiki, ni ushahidi tu kwamba majaribio kawaida huongezwa kimakosa kwenye seti ya majaribio otomatiki utendakazi mkubwa mpya unavyoongezwa kwenye programu inayotengenezwa na mradi.

    Recent major changes each shipped with their tests, visible in the commit history. Examples: request correlation added internal/reqid with 8 tests including hostile-input cases; the file-based secret support added 8 tests plus 3 for the startup gate that refuses an unreadable secret; moving /metrics to its own listener added tests for both halves of the mux decision and for the configuration plumbing; the GraphQL cost guard added 6 tests, one of which reproduces a 1.2 KB document that previously took the guard over ten seconds to measure. The suite is 533 tests across 56 packages.

    https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/commits/main


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    INAPENDEKEZWA kwamba sera hii ya kuongeza majaribio (angalia test_policy) iwe imeandikwa katika maelekezo ya mapendekezo ya mabadiliko. [tests_documented_added]
    Hata hivyo, hata sheria isiyo rasmi inakubaliwa mradi majaribio yaongezwe kimakosa.

    The policy is in CONTRIBUTING.md, which is the instructions for change proposals, in the "Conventions" section alongside the exact CI commands to run locally before opening a pull request. The pull request template is in .github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md.

    https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#conventions


  • Bendera za maonyo


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Mradi LAZIMA uwashe bendera moja au zaidi za onyo la mkusanyaji, hali ya lugha "salama", au tumia zana tofauti ya "linter" kutafuta makosa ya ubora wa msimbo au makosa rahisi ya kawaida, ikiwa kuna angalau zana moja ya FLOSS inaweza kutekeleza kigezo hiki katika lugha iliyochaguliwa. [warnings]
    Mifano ya bendera za onyo la mkusanyaji ni pamoja na gcc/clang "-Wall". Mifano ya hali ya lugha "salama" ni pamoja na JavaScript "use strict" na perl5's "use warnings". Zana tofauti ya "linter" ni zana tu inayoangalia msimbo wa chanzo kutafuta makosa ya ubora wa msimbo au makosa rahisi ya kawaida. Hizi kawaida huwashwa ndani ya msimbo wa chanzo au maelekezo ya ujenzi.

    Go: go vet on every build, plus staticcheck (which on introduction found real defects vet does not see), gosec for security patterns and govulncheck for vulnerable dependencies. Frontend: ESLint and the TypeScript compiler (tsc -b). All run in CI on every push and pull request.

    https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/blob/main/.github/workflows/ci.yml


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Mradi LAZIMA ukabiliane na maonyo. [warnings_fixed]
    Haya ni maonyo yaliyotambuliwa na utekelezaji wa kigezo cha warnings. Mradi unapaswa kurekebisha maonyo au kuyaweka alama katika msimbo wa chanzo kama hasi za uwongo. Kwa kawaida pasingeweza kuwa na maonyo, lakini mradi YAWEZA kukubali baadhi ya maonyo (kawaida chini ya onyo 1 kwa mistari 100 au chini ya maonyo 10).

    Zero tolerance on both sides. Go is gated by vet, staticcheck and gosec; the frontend runs eslint . --max-warnings=0, so a warning fails the build exactly as an error does. Two suppressions exist, both scoped to the line or file where the decision was made and both carrying the reason inline: a rule false positive on factory-produced icon components, and a deliberate state reset inside a debounced effect whose cleared values are not in the effect's dependencies.


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    INAPENDEKEZWA kwamba miradi iwe na ukali mkubwa sana na maonyo katika programu inayotengenezwa na mradi, ambapo ni ya vitendo. [warnings_strict]
    Baadhi ya maonyo hayawezi kuwashwa kwa ufanisi kwenye miradi fulani. Kinachohitajika ni ushahidi kwamba mradi unajitahidi kuwasha bendera za onyo ambapo inaweza, ili makosa yagundulika mapema.

    Maximally strict on both sides: no warning of any kind is tolerated in CI


 Usalama 16/16 ●

  • Maarifa ya maendeleo yenye usalama


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Mradi LAZIMA uwe na angalau msanidi mmoja mkuu anayejua jinsi ya kuunda programu salama. (Angalia 'maelezo' kwa mahitaji halisi.) [know_secure_design]
    Hii inahitaji kuelewa kanuni zifuatazo za muundo, ikiwa ni pamoja na kanuni 8 kutoka Saltzer na Schroeder:
    • uchumi wa utaratibu (weka muundo kuwa rahisi na mdogo iwezekanavyo, k.m., kwa kupitisha urahisishaji wa kufunga)
    • mipangilio ya kuzuia makosa (maamuzi ya kuingia yanapaswa kukataa kwa chaguo-msingi, na usakinishaji wa miradi unapaswa kuwa salama kwa chaguo-msingi)
    • kikuu cha kati kikamilifu (kuingia kote kunaweza kuwekwa kikomo lazima kufanyiwa ukaguzi wa mamlaka na kutowezesha kuvukwa)
    • muundo wazi (taratibu za usalama hazipaswi kutegemea ujinga wa mshambuliaji wa muundo wake, lakini badala yake kwenye habari iliyolindwa na kubadilishwa kwa urahisi kama funguo na nywila)
    • kutenganisha kwa upendeleo (kwa kawaida, ufikiaji kwa vitu muhimu unapaswa kutegemea zaidi ya sharti moja, ili kushinda mfumo mmoja wa ulinzi hautawasha ufikiaji kamili. K.m., uthibitishaji wa vipengele vingi, kama vile kuhitaji nywila na ishara za vifaa, ni imara zaidi kuliko uthibitishaji wa kipengele kimoja)
    • upendeleo mdogo zaidi (michakato inapaswa kufanya kazi na upendeleo mdogo zaidi unaohitajika)
    • utaratibu wa kawaida mdogo zaidi (muundo unapaswa kupunguza utaratibu wa kawaida kwa zaidi ya mtumiaji mmoja na kutegemewa na watumiaji wote, k.m., saraka za mafaili ya muda)
    • kukubalika kwa kisaikolojia (kiolesura cha binadamu lazima kiwe kimeundwa kwa urahisi wa matumizi - kuunda kwa "mshangao mdogo" kunaweza kusaidia)
    • uso wa shambulio uliowekewa mipaka (uso wa shambulio - seti ya sehemu tofauti ambapo mshambuliaji anaweza kujaribu kuingia au kutoa data - unapaswa kuwekwa mipaka)
    • uthibitishaji wa ingizo na orodha zinazokubalika (pembejeo kawaida zinapaswa kuangaliwa ili kuamua kama ni halali kabla ya kukubalika; uthibitishaji huu unapaswa kutumia orodha zinazokubalika (zinazokubali tu thamani zinazojulikana-nzuri), siyo orodha zinazokana (zinaozojaribu kuorodhesha thamani zinazojulikana-mbaya)).
    "Msanidi mkuu" katika mradi ni mtu yeyote ambaye anajua msingi wa msimbo wa mradi, ana faraja kufanya mabadiliko kwake, na anatambuliwa hivyo na washiriki wengine wengi katika mradi. Msanidi mkuu kawaida atafanya michango mingi kwa mwaka uliopita (kupitia msimbo, nyaraka, au kujibu maswali). Wasanidi kawaida wangeweza kuchukuliwa wasanidi wakuu ikiwa walianzisha mradi (na hawajatoka kwenye mradi zaidi ya miaka mitatu iliyopita), wana chaguo la kupokea habari kwenye kituo cha kuripoti udhaifu wa kibinafsi (ikiwa kuna), wanaweza kukubali ahadi kwa niaba ya mradi, au kufanya matoleo ya mwisho ya programu ya mradi. Ikiwa kuna msanidi mmoja tu, mtu huyo ndiye msanidi mkuu. Vitabu vingi na kozi zinapatikana kukusaidia kuelewa jinsi ya kuunda programu salama zaidi na kujadili muundo. Kwa mfano, kozi ya Misingi ya Maendeleo ya Programu Salama ni seti huru ya kozi tatu zinazoeleza jinsi ya kuunda programu salama zaidi (ni bure ukiifanyia ukaguzi; kwa ada ya ziada unaweza kupata cheti kuthibitisha ulijifunza nyenzo).

    The maintainer's professional field is cybersecurity software engineering, and the design record is public rather than asserted. The project's threat model enumerates trust boundaries and assets, then walks each surface with STRIDE, recording both the control and the residual risk — including cases where the residual is uncomfortable, such as an in-memory brute-force lockout that a restart clears.

    The design applies least privilege (read-only cloud roles, viewer/admin RBAC, per-tenant isolation), fail-closed defaults (the binary refuses to start with SSO configured but issuer or audience missing, with credentials that parse to nothing, with an unreadable mounted secret, or with a declared production environment and an unreachable database), defence in depth (HMAC on ingest, rate limits with bounded state, query cost limits, a tamper-evident audit log, encryption at rest), and input validation at every trust boundary.


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Angalau mmoja wa wasanidi wakuu wa mradi LAZIMA wajue aina za kawaida za makosa ambayo husababisha udhaifu katika aina hii ya programu, pamoja na angalau mbinu moja ya kukabiliana au kupunguza kila moja. [know_common_errors]
    Mifano (kulingana na aina ya programu) ni pamoja na uvamizi wa SQL, uvamizi wa OS, mtiririko wa kipengele cha kawaida, uandishi wa tovuti-tofauti, uthibitishaji unaokosekana, na uidhinishaji unaokosekana. Angalia CWE/SANS top 25 au OWASP Top 10 kwa orodha zinazotumika kawaida. Vitabu vingi na kozi zinapatikana kukusaidia kuelewa jinsi ya kuunda programu salama zaidi na kujadili makosa ya kawaida ya utekelezaji ambayo husababisha udhaifu. Kwa mfano, kozi ya Misingi ya Maendeleo ya Programu Salama ni seti huru ya kozi tatu zinazoeleza jinsi ya kuunda programu salama zaidi (ni bure ukiifanyia ukaguzi; kwa ada ya ziada unaweza kupata cheti kuthibitisha ulijifunza nyenzo).

    Common vulnerability classes are addressed explicitly, each with a countermeasure and a regression test:

    Injection: parameterised queries; a hostile-input battery of 11 collectors × 23 payloads on every build; 11 fuzz targets on the parsers.
    Broken authentication: constant-time token comparison; algorithm allowlist on JWT verification; mandatory issuer and audience, enforced by refusing to start — which closes the confused-deputy case where a token minted for another application sharing the same JWKS would otherwise be accepted.
    Denial of service: body-size caps, per-IP rate limiting with a bounded client table, and GraphQL depth and cost budgets. A fragment-expansion bomb that stalled the guard for over ten seconds was found and fixed by memoisation; the reproduction is a permanent test.
    Log injection: structured logging only, never message interpolation, verified empirically against a forged log line.
    Prompt injection: environment-derived strings are bounded and neutralised before reaching the model, with the hostile inputs kept as a permanent test.
    Supply chain: SHA-pinned Actions, digest-pinned base images, govulncheck, Trivy, CodeQL, gitleaks, cosign signatures, SBOM and SLSA provenance.


  • Tumia mazoea mazuri ya msingi ya usimbuaji

    Kumbuka kwamba programu fulani haihitaji kutumia taratibu za usimbuaji. Ikiwa mradi wako unazalisha programu ambayo (1) inajumuisha, inaamilisha, au inafanya usimbuaji kuwa hai, na (2) inaweza kutolewa kutoka Marekani (US) kwenda nje ya Marekani au kwa raia asiye wa Marekani, inaweza kuwa ni lazima kisheria kuchukua hatua chache za ziada. Kawaida hii inahusisha tu kutuma barua pepe. Kwa maelezo zaidi, tazama sehemu ya usimbuaji ya Kuelewa Teknolojia ya Chanzo Wazi & Udhibiti wa Usafirishaji wa Marekani.

    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Programu iliyotengenezwa na mradi LAZIMA itumie, kwa chaguo-msingi, tu itifaki za kriptografia na mifumbo ambazo zimechapishwa hadharani na kukaguliwa na wataalam (ikiwa itifaki za kriptografia na mafumbo imetumika). [crypto_published]
    Vigezo hivi vya kriptografia mara mingi havitumiki kwa sababu programu zingine hazina haja ya kutumia moja kwa moja uwezo wa kriptografia.

    Only published, expert-reviewed primitives, all from the Go standard library: AES-GCM (NIST SP 800-38D), Ed25519 (RFC 8032), HMAC (RFC 2104), SHA-2 (FIPS 180-4), TLS 1.2/1.3 (RFC 5246 / RFC 8446), RSA-SSA with SHA-2 for JWT verification (RFC 7518), and PKCE S256 (RFC 7636). Nothing bespoke.


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Ikiwa programu iliyotengenezwa na mradi ni programu au maktaba, na kusudi lake la msingi sio kutekeleza usimbuaji, basi INAPASWA tu kuita programu iliyoundwa kihususa kutekeleza kazi za kielelezo; HAIPASWI kutekeleza-upya shughuli hiyo. [crypto_call]

    The project implements no cryptography. Every primitive is called from the Go standard library — crypto/aes, crypto/cipher, crypto/ed25519, crypto/hmac, crypto/sha256, crypto/rand, crypto/tls — and JWT verification uses the widely reviewed golang-jwt/jwt/v5, restricted to an explicit allowlist of signing methods so algorithm confusion is impossible. The one place the project writes protocol code by hand is the PKCE challenge, and that too calls crypto.subtle.digest("SHA-256") rather than implementing a hash.


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Utendaji wote katika programu iliyotengenezwa na mradi ambayo inategemea usimbuaji LAZIMA iweze kutekelezwa kwa kutumia FLOSS. [crypto_floss]
    Tazama Mahitaji ya Viwango wazi ya Programu kupitia Open Source Initiative.

    All cryptography-dependent functionality runs on the Go standard library (BSD-3-Clause), golang-jwt/jwt/v5 (MIT), and the Web Crypto API in the browser. Verification tooling - cosign, syft, Trivy - is Apache-2.0. There is no proprietary or export-restricted component anywhere in the cryptographic path.


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Mifumo ya usalama ndani ya programu inayozalishwa na mradi LAZIMA itumie kwa msingi keylengths ambazo angalau zinakidhi mahitaji ya chini ya NIST kufikia mwaka wa 2030 (kama ilivyoelezwa mnamo 2012). LAZIMA iwe rahisi kusanidi programu ili keylengths ndogo zimezimwa kabisa. [crypto_keylength]
    Vipimo hivi vya urefu wa charaza ni: symmetric key 112, factoring modulus 2048, discrete logarithm key 224, discrete logarithmic group 2048, elliptic curve 224, na hash 224 (ufichuzi wa nywila haujashughulikiwa kwenye urefu wa charaza hii, maelezo zaidi ya ufichuzi wa nywila yanapatikana ndani ya kigezo cha crypto_password_storage). Ona https://www.keylength.com kwa mliganisho wa mapendekezo ya funguo-refu kutoka mashirika mbali mbali. Programu YAWEZA kubali funguo-refu ndogo katika usanidi (haifai kukubali, maana hii huwacha mashambulizi ya kushusha, lakini funguo-refu fupi wakati mwingine ina manufaa ya upatanifu).

    Defaults exceed the NIST minimums through 2030 and beyond: AES-256 for encryption at rest, Ed25519 (≈128-bit security) for signatures, SHA-256 for hashing and HMAC, TLS 1.2 as the floor with 1.3 preferred, and RSA JWT verification restricted to RS256/384/512.

    Smaller keylengths cannot be selected at all: the algorithms and sizes are fixed in code with no configuration knob to weaken them, which satisfies the requirement more strongly than making the weakening merely disableable. The one length an operator supplies is the at-rest encryption key, which must be exactly 32 bytes or the process refuses to start.


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Mifumo ya usalama ya chaguo-msingi ndani ya programu inayozalishwa na mradi LAZIMA ISITEGEMEE algoriti zilizovunjika za kriptologia (k.m., MD4, MD5, DES moja, RC4, Dual_EC_DRBG), au kutumia hali za cipher ambazo si sahihi kwa muktadha, isipokuwa ni muhimu kutekeleza itifaki inayoweza kushirikiana (ambapo itifaki iliyotekelezwa ni toleo la hivi karibuni zaidi la kiwango hicho kinachotegemeana sana na mfumo wa mtandao, mfumo huo unahitaji matumizi ya algoriti au hali hiyo, na mfumo huo haupatii chaguo lolote salama zaidi). Nyaraka LAZIMA zieleze hatari zozote za usalama husika na upungufu wowote unaojulikana ikiwa algoriti hizi zilizovunjika au hali ni muhimu kwa itifaki inayoweza kushirikiana. [crypto_working]
    Hali ya ECB ni karibu kamwe haifai kwa sababu inaonyesha block zinazofanana ndani ya ciphertext kama ilivyoonyeshwa na penguin wa ECB, na hali ya CTR mara nyingi si sahihi kwa sababu haifanyi uthibitishaji na husababisha nakala ikiwa hali ya ingizo inarudiwa. Katika hali nyingi ni bora kuchagua hali ya algoriti ya block cipher iliyoundwa kuchanganya siri na uthibitishaji, k.m., Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) na EAX. Miradi YAWEZA kuwaruhusu watumiaji kuwasha taratibu zilizovunjika (k.m., wakati wa usanidi) ambapo ni muhimu kwa upatanifu, lakini hapo watumiaji wanajua wanafanya hivyo.

    No default security mechanism depends on a broken algorithm. No MD4, MD5, single DES, RC4 or Dual_EC_DRBG appears anywhere, and no CBC-mode construction is used - the at-rest cipher is AES-GCM, an AEAD. The only legacy primitive present is SHA-1, used solely for git-style content-addressed identifiers, never for authentication, integrity or confidentiality, and annotated inline where it appears. No interoperability constraint forces a weak algorithm on this project.


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Mifumo ya usalama ya chaguo-msingi ndani ya programu inayozalishwa na mradi INAPASWA ISITEGEMEE algoriti za kriptologia au hali zenye udhaifu mkubwa unaojulikana (k.m., algoriti ya hash ya kriptologia ya SHA-1 au hali ya CBC katika SSH). [crypto_weaknesses]
    Wasiwasi kuhusu hali ya CBC katika SSH unajadiliwa katika CERT: SSH CBC vulnerability.

    Defaults are modern: AES-256-GCM at rest, Ed25519 for export signatures, HMAC-SHA-256 for ingest authentication, SHA-256 for the audit hash chain, RS256/384/512 for JWT verification against the IdP's JWKS, PKCE with the S256 challenge method, and TLS with MinVersion: TLS 1.2. No MD5, DES, RC4 or CBC-mode construction anywhere.

    One deliberate use of SHA-1 exists and is declared: pkg/ontology/event.go derives content-addressed node identifiers git-style. It is not a security primitive — the digest identifies a node, never authenticates or protects anything — and it is annotated inline (#nosec G505) so the intent is reviewable at the call site rather than hidden in a global exclude.


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Mifumo ya usalama ndani ya programu iliyotengenezwa na mradi INAPASWA kutekeleza kwa ukamilifu usiri wa umbele ya itifaki za makubaliano ya funguo ili funguo la kipindi kilicho tokana na kikao cha vifungo muda-mrefu haziwezi kuridhi mabaya ikiwa mojawapo ya vifunguo vya muda-mrefu imeridhi mabaya katika usoni. [crypto_pfs]

    The project implements no key agreement of its own: all transport uses Go's standard crypto/tls with MinVersion: TLS 1.2, whose default cipher suite selection is ECDHE-based, and TLS 1.3 - negotiated whenever the peer supports it - provides forward secrecy unconditionally. The same applies to outbound connections (Postgres, NATS, IdP JWKS, LLM providers) and to TLS terminated at an ingress.


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Ikiwa programu iliyotengenezwa na mradi imesababisha uhifadhi wa nywila kwa minajili ya uthibitishaji ya watumiaji wa kutoka nje, nywila LAZIMA zihifadhiwe kwa mficho uliorudiarudia na chumvi kwa kila-mtumiaji kwa kutumia kanuni ya upanuaji (rudiarudia) wa funguo (k.m., Argon2id, Bcrypt, Scrypt, or PBKDF2). Ona pia Kurasadogo ya Uhifadhi wa Nywila la OWASP). [crypto_password_storage]
    Kigezo hili linatumika tu wakati programu linatekeleza uthibitishaji wa watumiaji kutumia nywila kwa watumiaji wa nje (ambayo pia ni uthibitishaji unaelekezwa ndani), kama vile programu za tovuti zinazobakia seva). Haitumiki katika visa ambavyo programu inahifadhi nywila ili kudhibitisha ndani ya mifumo mingine (ambayo pia ni ithibitishaji unaelekezwa nje, k.m., programu inatekeleza teja la mfumo lingineyo), maana angalau sehemu za programu lazima ziwe na njia ya kupata hiyo nywila isigalifichwa.

    The software stores no user passwords. Authentication is either a bearer API token supplied by the operator, or OIDC, where the identity provider holds the credential and the project only verifies signed JWTs against its JWKS.

    For completeness, since a reviewer will find it: a static API token may optionally be configured as sha256$<hex> so only its digest is stored. Plain SHA-256 is correct there and iterated hashing would not be: these are high-entropy random secrets, not user-chosen passwords, so there is no low-entropy guessing space for a work factor to defend. That is the same approach GitHub and Stripe take for API keys.


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Mifumo ya usalama ndani ya programu iliyotengenezwa na mradi LAZIMA itoe funguo zote za kriptologia na nonces kwa kutumia kitengeneza cha nambari za bahati kuptia kriptologia salama, na ISIWEZE kufanya hivo kutumia vitengenezi zisizo salama kikriptologia. [crypto_random]
    Kitengeneza cha nambari za bahati nasibu za kriptologia salama kinaweza kuwa kitengeneza cha nambari za bahati nasibu za vifaa, au kinaweza kuwa kitengeneza cha nambari za bahati nasibu za kriptologia salama (CSPRNG) kwa kutumia algoriti kama vile Hash_DRBG, HMAC_DRBG, CTR_DRBG, Yarrow, au Fortuna. Mifano ya simu kwa vitengeneza cha nambari za bahati nasibu salama ni pamoja na java.security.SecureRandom ya Java na window.crypto.getRandomValues ya JavaScript. Mifano ya simu kwa vitengeneza cha nambari za bahati nasibu zisizo salama ni pamoja na java.util.Random ya Java na Math.random ya JavaScript.

    Every security-relevant value comes from crypto/rand: AES-GCM nonces (a fresh random nonce per seal), request identifiers, ticket and validation identifiers, and generated tokens.

    math/rand/v2 appears only where determinism is the requirement and security is not involved: the Monte Carlo risk simulation and the uncertainty sampling, which are seeded deliberately so a before/after comparison reflects the change rather than sampling noise, plus the synthetic load and scenario generators used in testing. Those call sites carry an inline #nosec G404 stating exactly that.


  • Utoaji salama dhidi ya mashambulizi ya mtu-katikati (MITM)


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Mradi LAZIMA utumie utaratibu wa utoaji ambao unakabiliana na mashambulizi ya MITM. Kutumia https au ssh+scp ni inakubaliwa. [delivery_mitm]
    Utaratibu wenye nguvu zaidi ni kutoa programu na vifurushi vilivyosainiwa kidigitali, kwa kuwa hiyo inapunguza mashambulizi kwenye mfumo wa usambazaji, lakini hii inafanya kazi tu ikiwa watumiaji wanaweza kuwa na uhakika kwamba funguo za umma kwa saini ni sahihi na ikiwa watumiaji watakagua saini kweli kweli.

    Distribution channels use HTTPS exclusively. [osps_br_03_02]


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Hash ya kriptologia (k.m., sha1sum) LAZIMA ISICHUKULIWE kupitia http na kutumika bila kuangalia saini ya kriptologia. [delivery_unsigned]
    Hash hizi zinaweza kurekebishwa wakati wa usafiri.

    Nothing is retrieved over http, and the hash is never trusted on its own. Releases publish SHA256SUMS together with SHA256SUMS.bundle, a cosign keyless signature over that file, so the documented verification order is signature first and checksum second — the README gives the exact command. Container images are signed with cosign and carry an SPDX SBOM and SLSA build provenance. Go dependencies are verified against go.sum and the public checksum database; GitHub Actions are pinned to commit SHAs; base images are pinned by digest; npm uses npm ci against a committed lockfile.

    https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph#check-your-own-account-in-30-seconds


  • Udhaifu uliofahamika hadharani umeshughulikiwa


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    LAZIMA kuwe hakuna udhaifu usiorekebishwa wa kiwango cha kati au juu zaidi ambao umejulikana hadharani kwa zaidi ya siku 60. [vulnerabilities_fixed_60_days]
    Udhaifu lazima urekebishwe na kutolewa na mradi wenyewe (rekebisho zinaweza kutengenezwa mahali pengine). Udhaifu unakuwa unajulikana hadharani (kwa kusudi hili) mara tu unapata CVE yenye taarifa zilizotolewa hadharani zisizolipwa (zilizoripotiwa, kwa mfano, katika Hifadhidata ya Taifa ya Udhaifu) au wakati mradi umefahamishwa na taarifa imetolewa kwa umma (labda na mradi). Udhaifu unazingatiwa kuwa wa kiwango cha kati au juu ikiwa alama yake ya Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) ya msingi ya ubora ni kati au juu. Katika matoleo ya CVSS 2.0 hadi 3.1, hii ni sawa na alama ya CVSS ya 4.0 au zaidi. Miradi inaweza kutumia alama ya CVSS kama ilivyochapishwa katika hifadhidata ya udhaifu inayotumika sana (kama vile Hifadhidata ya Taifa ya Udhaifu) kwa kutumia toleo la hivi karibuni la CVSS lililoripotiwa katika hifadhidata hiyo. Miradi badala yake inaweza kuhesabu ukali wao wenyewe kwa kutumia toleo la hivi karibuni la CVSS wakati wa ufunuzi wa udhaifu, ikiwa ingizo la hesabu linatangazwa hadharani mara tu udhaifu unajulikana hadharani. Kumbuka: hii inamaanisha kwamba watumiaji wanaweza kuachwa katika hatari kwa washambuliaji wote duniani kwa siku hadi 60. Kigezo hiki ni rahisi zaidi kukidhi kuliko yale Google inapendekeza katika Rebooting responsible disclosure, kwa sababu Google inapendekeza kwamba kipindi cha siku 60 kianze wakati mradi unafahamishwa hata ikiwa ripoti si ya umma. Pia kumbuka kwamba kigezo hiki cha nishani, kama vigezo vingine, kinatumika kwa mradi wa mtu binafsi. Baadhi ya miradi ni sehemu ya mashirika makubwa ya mwavuli au miradi mikubwa, labda katika safu nyingi, na miradi mingi inatoa matokeo yao kwa mashirika mengine na miradi kama sehemu ya mnyororo wa usambazaji wenye utata. Mradi wa mtu binafsi mara nyingi hauwezi kudhibiti wengine, lakini mradi wa mtu binafsi unaweza kufanya kazi kutoa rekebisho ya udhaifu kwa wakati. Kwa hiyo, tunazingatia tu muda wa jibu wa mradi wa mtu binafsi. Mara tu rekebisho inapatikana kutoka kwa mradi wa mtu binafsi, wengine wanaweza kuamua jinsi ya kushughulikia rekebisho (k.m., wanaweza kusasisha kwenye toleo jipya au wanaweza kutumia rekebisho tu kama suluhisho lililochaguliwa-cherry).

    There are no unpatched vulnerabilities of any severity. No vulnerability has ever been publicly known against this project's own code, and dependencies are gated: govulncheck runs on every build against the Go vulnerability database, Trivy scans the release images, CodeQL performs taint analysis, and Dependabot opens update pull requests which are merged promptly. A finding in any of these fails CI, so an unpatched dependency cannot sit for 60 days — it blocks the next merge.


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Miradi INAPASWA kurekebisha udhaifu wote muhimu haraka baada ya kuripotiwa. [vulnerabilities_critical_fixed]

    No critical vulnerability has been reported to date. The evidence that the project fixes security defects rapidly comes from its own auditing: a denial of service in the GraphQL cost guard (a 1.2 KB document that stalled the guard for over ten seconds), two unbounded maps reachable pre-authentication, and a production configuration that could start with authentication silently disabled were each found and fixed within the same working session, with regression tests that fail without the fix.


  • Masuala mengine ya usalama


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Hazina za umma LAZIMA ZISIVUJE uthibitisho halali wa faragha (k.m., nywila inayofanya kazi au funguo ya faragha) ambayo imekusudiwa kupunguza upatikanaji wa umma. [no_leaked_credentials]
    Mradi UNAWEZA kuvuja uthibitisho wa "sampuli" kwa majaribio na hifadhidata zisizo muhimu, mradi tu hazikusudiwa kupunguza upatikanaji wa umma.

    gitleaks scans the full history on every build and fails it on a finding; the last scan covered 116 commits with no leaks. .gitignore excludes .env, /secrets/, *.pem, *.key and *.crt. Credentials are never committed: the repository ships .env.example and .env.production.example with empty values, and the software additionally accepts every credential through a <KEY>_FILE path so it need not be written into a file at all.

    https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/blob/main/.github/workflows/ci.yml


 Uchanganuzi 8/8 ●

  • Uchambuzi tuli wa msimbo


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Angalau zana moja ya uchambuzi wa msimbo tuli (zaidi ya maonyo ya mkusanyaji na hali za lugha "salama") LAZIMA itumike kwa toleo lolote lililopendekezwa kubwa la uzalishaji wa programu kabla ya toleo lake, ikiwa kuna angalau zana moja ya FLOSS inayotekeleza kigezo hiki katika lugha iliyochaguliwa. [static_analysis]
    Zana ya uchambuzi wa msimbo tuli inachunguza msimbo wa programu (kama msimbo wa chanzo, msimbo wa kati, au utekelezaji) bila kuutekeleza na ingizo maalum. Kwa madhumuni ya kigezo hiki, maonyo ya mkusanyaji na hali za lugha "salama" hazihesabiwi kama zana za uchambuzi wa msimbo tuli (hizi kwa kawaida huepuka uchambuzi wa kina kwa sababu kasi ni muhimu). Baadhi ya zana za uchambuzi wa msimbo tuli zinazingatia kugundua hitilafu za jumla, nyingine zinazingatia kupata aina fulani za hitilafu (kama vile udhaifu), na baadhi hufanya mchanganyiko. Mifano ya zana hizo za uchambuzi wa msimbo tuli ni pamoja na cppcheck (C, C++), clang static analyzer (C, C++), SpotBugs (Java), FindBugs (Java) (ikiwa ni pamoja na FindSecurityBugs), PMD (Java), Brakeman (Ruby on Rails), lintr (R), goodpractice (R), Coverity Quality Analyzer, SonarQube, Codacy, na HP Enterprise Fortify Static Code Analyzer. Orodha kubwa za zana zinaweza kupatikana katika maeneo kama vile orodha ya Wikipedia ya zana za uchambuzi wa msimbo tuli, taarifa za OWASP kuhusu uchambuzi wa msimbo tuli, orodha ya NIST ya vichambua usalama wa msimbo wa chanzo, na orodha ya Wheeler ya zana za uchambuzi tuli. Ikiwa hakuna zana za uchambuzi tuli za FLOSS zinazopatikana kwa lugha za utekelezaji zilizotumika, unaweza kuchagua 'N/A'.

    Six static analysis tools run on every push and pull request, well beyond compiler warnings:

    staticcheck, which on introduction found real defects that go vet does not see
    gosec, security-focused SAST
    CodeQL, semantic taint analysis
    govulncheck, which reports reachable vulnerable code paths rather than merely vulnerable versions
    gitleaks, secret scanning across the full history
    ESLint and tsc for the dashboard
    There is also a repository-specific gate: a test holds every configuration key the backend reads to all three deployment surfaces, so a key that is settable in one place and silently ignored in another fails the build.

    https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/blob/main/.github/workflows/ci.yml


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    INAPENDEKEZWA kwamba angalau moja ya zana za uchambuzi tuli zilizotumika kwa kigezo cha static_analysis ijumuishe sheria au njia za kutafuta udhaifu wa kawaida katika lugha au mazingira yaliyochambuliwa. [static_analysis_common_vulnerabilities]
    Zana za uchambuzi tuli ambazo zimeundwa hasa kutafuta udhaifu wa kawaida zina uwezekano mkubwa wa kuzipata. Hata hivyo, kutumia zana zozote za tuli kwa kawaida itasaidia kupata baadhi ya matatizo, kwa hivyo tunashauri lakini hatunahitaji hii kwa kiwango cha nishani ya 'kupita'.

    Two of the tools are specifically vulnerability-oriented. gosec carries rules for the common Go classes: command and SQL injection, path traversal, weak cryptography, insecure randomness, unhandled errors. CodeQL performs dataflow taint tracking for the OWASP-style classes, following untrusted input to sensitive sinks across function boundaries. govulncheck goes further than a version comparison, reporting only vulnerabilities whose affected code the binary actually reaches.


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Udhaifu wote wenye ukali wa kati na juu zaidi unaoweza kudhoofishwa uliogundulika kupitia uchambuzi wa msimbo tuli LAZIMA urekebishwe kwa wakati baada ya kuthibitishwa. [static_analysis_fixed]
    Udhaifu unazingatiwa kuwa wa kiwango cha kati au juu zaidi ikiwa alama yake ya Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) ya msingi ya ubora ni kati au juu. Katika matoleo ya CVSS 2.0 hadi 3.1, hii ni sawa na alama ya CVSS ya 4.0 au zaidi. Miradi inaweza kutumia alama ya CVSS kama ilivyochapishwa katika hifadhidata ya udhaifu inayotumika sana (kama vile Hifadhidata ya Taifa ya Udhaifu) kwa kutumia toleo la hivi karibuni la CVSS lililoripotiwa katika hifadhidata hiyo. Miradi badala yake inaweza kuhesabu ukali wao wenyewe kwa kutumia toleo la hivi karibuni la CVSS wakati wa ufunuzi wa udhaifu, ikiwa ingizo la hesabu linatangazwa hadharani mara tu udhaifu unajulikana hadharani. Kumbuka kwamba kigezo cha vulnerabilities_fixed_60_days kinahitaji kwamba udhaifu wote kama huo urekebishwe ndani ya siku 60 baada ya kuwa wa umma.

    Findings are fixed or justified inline, never suppressed globally. CONTRIBUTING.md forbids blanket excludes, so every suppression is a // #nosec Gxxx -- why it's safe comment at the call site where a reviewer will see it.

    Two concrete cases. gosec raised G703 (path traversal via taint analysis) on the code that reads a mounted secret; it was reviewed, judged a false positive for that context (the path comes from an environment variable, and anyone who can set the process environment already owns it), and annotated with that reasoning rather than excluded. staticcheck raised ST1018 on a literal U+202E character in a test file, a Trojan Source pattern, which was replaced with an escape sequence.

    All six tools currently report zero findings.


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    INAPENDEKEZWA kwamba uchambuzi wa msimbo wa chanzo tuli ufanyike kwenye kila ahadi au angalau kila siku. [static_analysis_often]

    On every commit, not merely daily. staticcheck, gosec, govulncheck, go vet, gitleaks, ESLint and tsc run on every push and every pull request, and a finding fails the build. CodeQL runs on push and pull request and on a weekly schedule, so newly published query packs are applied to unchanged code. Extended fuzzing runs weekly on its own schedule.

    https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/actions


  • Uchambuzi wa msimbo wa nguvu za ziada


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    INAPENDEKEZWA kwamba angalau zana moja ya uchambuzi wa nguvu itumike kwenye toleo kubwa lolote la uzalishaji lililopendekezwa la programu kabla ya kutolewa kwake. [dynamic_analysis]
    Zana ya uchambuzi wa nguvu inachunguza programu kwa kuitekeleza na ingizo maalum. Kwa mfano, mradi YAWEZA kutumia zana ya fuzzing (k.m., American Fuzzy Lop) au kitafutaji cha programu ya wavuti (k.m., OWASP ZAP au w3af). Katika hali fulani mradi wa OSS-Fuzz unaweza kuwa tayari kutumia majaribio ya fuzz kwenye mradi wako. Kwa madhumuni ya kigezo hiki zana ya uchambuzi wa nguvu inahitaji kubadilisha ingizo kwa njia fulani kutafuta aina mbalimbali za matatizo au kuwa seti kiotomatiki ya majaribio yenye angalau asilimia 80 ya ukaguzi wa tawi. Ukurasa wa Wikipedia kuhusu uchambuzi wa nguvu na ukurasa wa OWASP kuhusu fuzzing hutambulisha baadhi ya zana za uchambuzi wa nguvu. Zana za uchambuzi ZINAWEZA kuzingatia kutafuta udhaifu wa usalama, lakini hii haihitajiki.

    Three kinds of dynamic analysis run against the software as it executes.

    Fuzzing: 14 Go fuzz targets against the ingest parsers, which are the boundary where attacker-influenceable bytes become graph structure. Their seed corpora execute on every go test, and a dedicated workflow runs extended campaigns weekly (Sunday, with a configurable duration on manual dispatch).

    Race detection: go test -race across all 56 packages on every push. It instruments the running program to catch data races that no static tool sees.

    A hostile-input battery: 11 collectors by 23 payloads (nesting bombs, invalid UTF-8, lone surrogates, 5 MB strings, path traversal, template injection, NUL bytes, bidirectional overrides), driven through the real parsers deterministically on every build. A 10-second per-payload timeout means a parser that can be stalled fails the test.

    All of this runs before every release, since releases are cut from main only after CI is green.

    https://github.com/luiacuaniello/perspectivegraph/blob/main/.github/workflows/fuzz.yml


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    INAPENDEKEZWA kwamba ikiwa programu iliyozalishwa na mradi inajumuisha programu iliyoandikwa kwa kutumia lugha isiyosalama ya kumbukumbu (k.m., C au C++), basi angalau zana moja ya nguvu (k.m., fuzzer au kitafutaji cha programu ya wavuti) itumike kwa kawaida kwa pamoja na utaratibu wa kugundua matatizo ya usalama wa kumbukumbu kama vile uandikaji zaidi wa kipengele. Ikiwa mradi hauzalishi programu iliyoandikwa katika lugha isiyosalama ya kumbukumbu, chagua "haihusiki" (N/A). [dynamic_analysis_unsafe]
    Mifano ya taratibu za kugundua matatizo ya usalama wa kumbukumbu ni pamoja na Address Sanitizer (ASAN) (inapatikana katika GCC na LLVM), Memory Sanitizer, na valgrind. Zana nyingine zinazoweza kutumika ni pamoja na thread sanitizer na undefined behavior sanitizer. Madai ya kila mahali pia yaweza kufanya kazi.

    The project produces no software in a memory-unsafe language. The backend is Go and the dashboard TypeScript, both memory-safe, and the backend is built with CGO_ENABLED=0 so no C is linked in. That also keeps the release binaries static and portable.

    Fuzzing is nonetheless used extensively (14 targets), because in Go the classes it catches are panics, unbounded allocation and non-termination rather than buffer overwrites.


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    INAPENDEKEZWA kwamba mradi utumie usanidi wa angalau baadhi ya uchambuzi wa nguvu (kama vile majaribio au fuzzing) ambao huwezesha madai mengi. Katika hali nyingi madai haya yasipaswi kuwa yamewezeshwa katika mijengo ya uzalishaji. [dynamic_analysis_enable_assertions]
    Kigezo hiki hakipendekezi kuwezesha madai wakati wa uzalishaji; hilo ni kabisa kwa mradi na watumiaji wake kuamua. Lengo la kigezo hiki ni badala yake kuboresha ugunduzaji wa hitilafu wakati wa uchambuzi wa nguvu kabla ya kusambazwa. Kuwezesha madai katika matumizi ya uzalishaji ni tofauti kabisa na kuwezesha madai wakati wa uchambuzi wa nguvu (kama vile majaribio). Katika hali fulani kuwezesha madai katika matumizi ya uzalishaji ni busara sana (hasa katika vipengele vya uadilifu wa juu). Kuna hoja nyingi dhidi ya kuwezesha madai katika uzalishaji, k.m., maktaba hazipaswi kuvuruga waita, uwepo wao unaweza kusababisha kukataliwa na maduka ya programu, na/au kuamilisha madai katika uzalishaji kunaweza kufunua data za faragha kama vile funguo za faragha. Kumbuka kwamba katika usambazaji mwingi wa Linux NDEBUG haijafafanuliwa, hivyo C/C++ assert() kwa chaguo-msingi itawezeshwa kwa uzalishaji katika mazingira hayo. Inaweza kuwa muhimu kutumia utaratibu tofauti wa madai au kufafanua NDEBUG kwa uzalishaji katika mazingira hayo.

    The race detector is the Go analogue of an assertion-heavy build, and it is enabled exactly where the criterion suggests: -race runs across all packages in CI, and is not enabled in production builds, which are CGO_ENABLED=0 static binaries.

    Tests additionally assert invariants that production code does not re-check. Two examples: the hand-rolled priority queue must agree with container/heap element by element on randomised input full of ties, and scoring output must stay byte-identical across an optimisation.


    Ya kutosha kwa nishani!

    Udhaifu wote wenye ukali wa kati na juu zaidi unaoweza kudhoofishwa uliogundulika kupitia uchambuzi wa msimbo wa nguvu LAZIMA urekebishwe kwa wakati baada ya kuthibitishwa. [dynamic_analysis_fixed]
    Ikiwa haujafanya uchambuzi wa msimbo wa nguvu na kwa hivyo hukupata udhaifu wowote kwa njia hii, chagua "haihusiki" (N/A). Udhaifu unazingatiwa kuwa wa kiwango cha kati au juu zaidi ikiwa alama yake ya Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) ya msingi ya ubora ni kati au juu. Katika matoleo ya CVSS 2.0 hadi 3.1, hii ni sawa na alama ya CVSS ya 4.0 au zaidi. Miradi inaweza kutumia alama ya CVSS kama ilivyochapishwa katika hifadhidata ya udhaifu inayotumika sana (kama vile Hifadhidata ya Taifa ya Udhaifu) kwa kutumia toleo la hivi karibuni la CVSS lililoripotiwa katika hifadhidata hiyo. Miradi badala yake inaweza kuhesabu ukali wao wenyewe kwa kutumia toleo la hivi karibuni la CVSS wakati wa ufunuzi wa udhaifu, ikiwa ingizo la hesabu linatangazwa hadharani mara tu udhaifu unajulikana hadharani.

    No unfixed finding exists. The clearest example of the process working came from dynamic analysis of the GraphQL cost guard. A purpose-built probe timed the guard against a 1.2 KB document of non-cyclic fragments and showed it running for over ten seconds before a single field resolved, which is a denial of service in the very guard meant to prevent one. It was fixed in the same session by memoising fragment costs (49 µs for the same input), and the reproduction is now a permanent test that fails if the expansion stops being linear.

    Race-detector and fuzzing runs are currently clean.



Unaweza kutumia zana na mifumo ya AI kupendekeza mabadiliko kupitia URL rahisi, kama vile https://www.bestpractices.dev/sw/projects/13828/choose/edit?osps_ac_01_01_status=Met&osps_ac_01_01_justification=GitHub+enforced. Angalia mfumo wetu wa mapendekezo ya otomatiki kwa jinsi ya kufanya hivyo. Data hii inapatikana chini ya Community Data License Agreement – Permissive, Version 2.0 (CDLA-Permissive-2.0). Hii inamaanisha kuwa Mpokeaji wa Data anaweza kushiriki Data, na au bila marekebisho, mradi Mpokeaji wa Data anapatanisha maandishi ya mkataba huu na Data iliyoshirikiwa. Tafadhali tambua Luigi Iacuaniello na wachangiaji wa nishani ya Mazoea Bora ya OpenSSF.

Ingizo la nishani ya mradi linamilikiwa na: Luigi Iacuaniello.
Ingizo liliundwa siku 2026-07-26 15:51:09 UTC, iliyosasishwa mara ya mwisho siku 2026-08-07 13:24:38 UTC. Ilipata mara ya mwisho nishani ya kupita siku 2026-08-07 11:55:52 UTC.