fedfred

Projects that follow the best practices below can voluntarily self-certify and show that they've achieved an Open Source Security Foundation (OpenSSF) best practices badge.

If this is your project, please show your badge status on your project page! The badge status looks like this: Badge level for project 10158 is gold Here is how to embed it:

These are the Silver level criteria. You can also view the Passing or Gold level criteria.

        

 Basics 17/17

  • Identification

    A feature-rich python package for interacting with the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Economic Database: FRED

  • Prerequisites


    The project MUST achieve a passing level badge. [achieve_passing]

  • Basic project website content


    The information on how to contribute MUST include the requirements for acceptable contributions (e.g., a reference to any required coding standard). (URL required) [contribution_requirements]

    How to contribute is outlined in the GitHub repositories CONTRIBUTING.md file. https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md


  • Project oversight


    The project SHOULD have a legal mechanism where all developers of non-trivial amounts of project software assert that they are legally authorized to make these contributions. The most common and easily-implemented approach for doing this is by using a Developer Certificate of Origin (DCO), where users add "signed-off-by" in their commits and the project links to the DCO website. However, this MAY be implemented as a Contributor License Agreement (CLA), or other legal mechanism. (URL required) [dco]

    The project uses a Developer Certificate of Origin (DCO) to ensure that all contributors assert they are legally authorized to make contributions. Contributors are required to sign off on their commits using the git commit -s command, which appends a Signed-off-by line to the commit message. This indicates their agreement to the terms of the DCO.

    The DCO is documented in the repository and linked in the DCO.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/DCO.md. The CONTRIBUTING.md file also explains how to sign commits and includes a reference to the DCO: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md. Pull requests with unsigned commits are automatically flagged and cannot be merged until all commits are signed.

    For more information, see the Developer Certificate of Origin: https://developercertificate.org/.



    The project MUST clearly define and document its project governance model (the way it makes decisions, including key roles). (URL required) [governance]

    The project follows a centralized governance model where the project owner and lead, Nikhil Sunder, makes all final decisions regarding the project's direction, contributions, and dispute resolution. This governance model is documented in the CONTRIBUTING.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md.

    For more details on the contribution process and decision-making, contributors are encouraged to review the guidelines outlined in the CONTRIBUTING.md file.



    The project MUST adopt a code of conduct and post it in a standard location. (URL required) [code_of_conduct]

    The project has adopted the Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct, which sets expectations for behavior within the community and ensures a welcoming and inclusive environment. The Code of Conduct is posted in the repository at the following URL: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md.

    This document outlines acceptable and unacceptable behavior, enforcement responsibilities, and reporting mechanisms for addressing violations.



    The project MUST clearly define and publicly document the key roles in the project and their responsibilities, including any tasks those roles must perform. It MUST be clear who has which role(s), though this might not be documented in the same way. (URL required) [roles_responsibilities]

    The project defines and documents key roles and responsibilities in the CONTRIBUTING.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md.

    The project owner and lead, Nikhil Sunder, is responsible for making final decisions regarding the project's direction, contributions, and dispute resolution. Contributors are encouraged to participate in discussions, submit pull requests, and follow the contribution guidelines outlined in the documentation. The governance model and roles are centralized, with the project owner retaining ultimate authority.



    The project MUST be able to continue with minimal interruption if any one person dies, is incapacitated, or is otherwise unable or unwilling to continue support of the project. In particular, the project MUST be able to create and close issues, accept proposed changes, and release versions of software, within a week of confirmation of the loss of support from any one individual. This MAY be done by ensuring someone else has any necessary keys, passwords, and legal rights to continue the project. Individuals who run a FLOSS project MAY do this by providing keys in a lockbox and a will providing any needed legal rights (e.g., for DNS names). (URL required) [access_continuity]

    The project ensures continuity by maintaining shared access to critical resources, including repository administration, release management, and issue tracking. Multiple maintainers have access to the GitHub repository, ensuring that issues can be created and closed, proposed changes can be reviewed and merged, and new versions can be released without interruption.

    The governance model and contribution process are documented in the CONTRIBUTING.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md.

    Additionally, access credentials for critical resources, such as API keys and deployment tools, are securely stored and shared among trusted maintainers to ensure the project can continue in the event of the loss of support from any individual.



    The project SHOULD have a "bus factor" of 2 or more. (URL required) [bus_factor]

    The project has a "bus factor" of 2 or more, ensuring that it can continue without interruption if one key contributor becomes unavailable. Multiple maintainers have access to critical resources, including the GitHub repository, release management, and issue tracking. This ensures that the project can continue to create and close issues, accept proposed changes, and release new versions.

    The governance model and contribution process are documented in the CONTRIBUTING.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md.

    Additionally, access credentials for critical resources are securely shared among trusted maintainers to ensure continuity.


  • Documentation


    The project MUST have a documented roadmap that describes what the project intends to do and not do for at least the next year. (URL required) [documentation_roadmap]

    The project has a documented roadmap outlining its goals and priorities for the next year. The roadmap is available at: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/ROADMAP.md. It helps users and contributors understand the intended direction of the project and is updated as priorities evolve.



    The project MUST include documentation of the architecture (aka high-level design) of the software produced by the project. If the project does not produce software, select "not applicable" (N/A). (URL required) [documentation_architecture]

    The project includes documentation of its architecture in the README.md and the source directory. The README.md provides an overview of the project's features, including its modular design with components like FredAPI, FredMapsAPI, and data classes for structured outputs. The source directory contains detailed API references and usage examples, which describe the relationships between components and their functionality.

    For more details, see the documentation at: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/README.md and https://nikhilxsunder.github.io/fedfred/.



    The project MUST document what the user can and cannot expect in terms of security from the software produced by the project (its "security requirements"). (URL required) [documentation_security]

    The project documents its security requirements in the SECURITY.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/SECURITY.md.

    This document outlines what users can and cannot expect in terms of security, including:

    1. Security Measures:

      • Enforced certificate verification for all HTTP clients.
      • Strict validation of API parameters and responses.
      • Regular dependency scanning and updates to address vulnerabilities.
    2. User Responsibilities:

      • Secure storage of API keys (e.g., using environment variables).
      • Avoiding hardcoding sensitive information in scripts.
    3. Limitations:

      • The software does not provide encryption for user data beyond HTTPS communication.
      • Users are responsible for securing their runtime environments.

    For more details, refer to the SECURITY.md file.



    The project MUST provide a "quick start" guide for new users to help them quickly do something with the software. (URL required) [documentation_quick_start]

    The project provides a "Quick Start" guide in the quickstart.rst file, which is also available in the online documentation. The guide helps new users quickly set up the library, initialize the API client, and fetch data from the FRED API. It includes examples for both synchronous and asynchronous usage.

    The Quick Start guide can be accessed at: https://nikhilxsunder.github.io/fedfred/quickstart/.



    The project MUST make an effort to keep the documentation consistent with the current version of the project results (including software produced by the project). Any known documentation defects making it inconsistent MUST be fixed. If the documentation is generally current, but erroneously includes some older information that is no longer true, just treat that as a defect, then track and fix as usual. [documentation_current]

    The project makes an effort to keep its documentation consistent with the current version of the software. The documentation is regularly updated to reflect changes in functionality, as evidenced by the CHANGELOG.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md.

    Additionally, the project maintains a dedicated ROADMAP.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/ROADMAP.md, which outlines future goals and priorities. Any known documentation defects are tracked and addressed as part of the development process. The documentation also includes version-specific details and links to older versions where applicable.



    The project repository front page and/or website MUST identify and hyperlink to any achievements, including this best practices badge, within 48 hours of public recognition that the achievement has been attained. (URL required) [documentation_achievements]

    The project identifies and hyperlinks to its achievements, including the OpenSSF Best Practices badge, on the repository's front page in the README.md file. The badge is displayed prominently at the top of the file, along with other status badges.

    The README.md file can be accessed at: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/README.md.


  • Accessibility and internationalization


    The project (both project sites and project results) SHOULD follow accessibility best practices so that persons with disabilities can still participate in the project and use the project results where it is reasonable to do so. [accessibility_best_practices]

    This project is a Python library and does not produce a GUI or web-based application. As such, accessibility best practices for GUIs or web applications, such as WCAG 2.0 guidelines, are not directly applicable. However, the project documentation and results are designed to be accessible:

    1. Documentation: The documentation is written in clear, concise language and is accessible via standard web browsers. It includes text alternatives for images (e.g., alt text for the project logo) and follows a consistent heading hierarchy for screen readers.

    2. Library Design: The library is designed for use in command-line and programmatic environments, which are inherently accessible to users with assistive technologies like screen readers.

    For these reasons, this criterion is marked as Not Applicable (N/A).



    The software produced by the project SHOULD be internationalized to enable easy localization for the target audience's culture, region, or language. If internationalization (i18n) does not apply (e.g., the software doesn't generate text intended for end-users and doesn't sort human-readable text), select "not applicable" (N/A). [internationalization]

    The software produced by the project is a Python library intended for developers and does not generate text intended for end-users or require sorting of human-readable text. As such, internationalization (i18n) does not apply. This criterion is marked as Not Applicable (N/A).


  • Other


    If the project sites (website, repository, and download URLs) store passwords for authentication of external users, the passwords MUST be stored as iterated hashes with a per-user salt by using a key stretching (iterated) algorithm (e.g., Argon2id, Bcrypt, Scrypt, or PBKDF2). If the project sites do not store passwords for this purpose, select "not applicable" (N/A). [sites_password_security]

    The project does not store passwords for the authentication of external users on its sites (e.g., website, repository, or download URLs). Authentication is handled through GitHub, which meets this criterion. Therefore, this criterion is marked as Not Applicable (N/A).


  • Previous versions


    The project MUST maintain the most often used older versions of the product or provide an upgrade path to newer versions. If the upgrade path is difficult, the project MUST document how to perform the upgrade (e.g., the interfaces that have changed and detailed suggested steps to help upgrade). [maintenance_or_update]

    The project maintains older versions of the product and provides an upgrade path to newer versions. The CHANGELOG.md file (https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md) documents all changes, including new features, bug fixes, and deprecated functionality, to help users understand what has changed between versions.

    For major updates that introduce breaking changes, the project follows Semantic Versioning and includes detailed instructions in the CHANGELOG.md to guide users through the upgrade process. This ensures users can either continue using older versions or transition smoothly to newer ones.


  • Bug-reporting process


    The project MUST use an issue tracker for tracking individual issues. [report_tracker]
  • Vulnerability report process


    The project MUST give credit to the reporter(s) of all vulnerability reports resolved in the last 12 months, except for the reporter(s) who request anonymity. If there have been no vulnerabilities resolved in the last 12 months, select "not applicable" (N/A). (URL required) [vulnerability_report_credit]

    The project has not resolved any reported vulnerabilities in the last 12 months. Therefore, this criterion is marked as Not Applicable (N/A).

    For future reference, the project documents vulnerability reports and credits reporters in the SECURITY.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/SECURITY.md.



    The project MUST have a documented process for responding to vulnerability reports. (URL required) [vulnerability_response_process]

    The project has a documented process for responding to vulnerability reports in the SECURITY.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/SECURITY.md.

    The process includes the following steps:

    1. Reporting: Vulnerabilities must be reported via email to nsunder724@gmail.com, not through public GitHub issues.
    2. Acknowledgment: The project team will acknowledge receipt of the report within 48 hours.
    3. Verification: The team will verify the vulnerability and assess its impact.
    4. Remediation: A fix will be developed and tested.
    5. Disclosure: The team will coordinate with the reporter on the disclosure timeline and credit the reporter unless anonymity is requested.

    This ensures a clear and structured approach to handling vulnerabilities.


  • Coding standards


    The project MUST identify the specific coding style guides for the primary languages it uses, and require that contributions generally comply with it. (URL required) [coding_standards]

    The project identifies and enforces coding standards in the CONTRIBUTING.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md.

    The project adheres to the following coding style guides:

    1. PEP 8: The official Python style guide for code readability and consistency.
    2. PEP 257: For docstring conventions, including parameter descriptions, return values, and examples.
    3. Type Hints (PEP 484): All functions must include type annotations for parameters and return values.

    The CONTRIBUTING.md file also specifies the use of tools like pylint, mypy, and bandit to enforce these standards and ensure compliance. Contributors are required to run these tools before submitting pull requests.



    The project MUST automatically enforce its selected coding style(s) if there is at least one FLOSS tool that can do so in the selected language(s). [coding_standards_enforced]

    The project automatically enforces its selected coding styles using the following tools, as documented in the CONTRIBUTING.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md.

    1. Pylint: Enforces PEP 8 compliance and general code quality. A minimum score of 9.0+ is required for all code.
    2. Mypy: Enforces type checking to ensure compliance with PEP 484.
    3. Bandit: Performs security-focused static analysis to identify common security issues.

    These tools are integrated into the development workflow via pre-commit hooks and GitHub Actions workflows. All pull requests are automatically checked for compliance, and any exceptions must be explicitly documented in the code with comments explaining the rationale.


  • Working build system


    Build systems for native binaries MUST honor the relevant compiler and linker (environment) variables passed in to them (e.g., CC, CFLAGS, CXX, CXXFLAGS, and LDFLAGS) and pass them to compiler and linker invocations. A build system MAY extend them with additional flags; it MUST NOT simply replace provided values with its own. If no native binaries are being generated, select "not applicable" (N/A). [build_standard_variables]

    The project does not generate native binaries, as it is a Python library. Therefore, this criterion is marked as Not Applicable (N/A).



    The build and installation system SHOULD preserve debugging information if they are requested in the relevant flags (e.g., "install -s" is not used). If there is no build or installation system (e.g., typical JavaScript libraries), select "not applicable" (N/A). [build_preserve_debug]

    The project is a Python library and does not involve a build or installation system that generates native binaries. Therefore, this criterion is marked as Not Applicable (N/A).



    The build system for the software produced by the project MUST NOT recursively build subdirectories if there are cross-dependencies in the subdirectories. If there is no build or installation system (e.g., typical JavaScript libraries), select "not applicable" (N/A). [build_non_recursive]

    The project is a Python library and does not use a build system that involves recursive builds or subdirectory dependencies. Therefore, this criterion is marked as Not Applicable (N/A).



    The project MUST be able to repeat the process of generating information from source files and get exactly the same bit-for-bit result. If no building occurs (e.g., scripting languages where the source code is used directly instead of being compiled), select "not applicable" (N/A). [build_repeatable]

    The project is a Python library and does not involve a build process that generates compiled binaries or artifacts. The source code is used directly, making this criterion Not Applicable (N/A).


  • Installation system


    The project MUST provide a way to easily install and uninstall the software produced by the project using a commonly-used convention. [installation_common]

    The project provides an easy way to install and uninstall the software using commonly-used conventions:

    Using pip: The software can be installed and uninstalled via the Python package manager pip, which is widely used in the Python ecosystem.

    Installation: pip install fedfred Uninstallation: pip uninstall fedfred Using conda: The software is available on Conda-Forge, allowing installation and uninstallation via the conda package manager.

    Installation: conda install -c conda-forge fedfred Uninstallation: conda remove fedfred Detailed installation instructions are documented in the README.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/README.md and the installation.rst file in the documentation: https://nikhilxsunder.github.io/fedfred/installation/.



    The installation system for end-users MUST honor standard conventions for selecting the location where built artifacts are written to at installation time. For example, if it installs files on a POSIX system it MUST honor the DESTDIR environment variable. If there is no installation system or no standard convention, select "not applicable" (N/A). [installation_standard_variables]

    The installation system for end-users MUST honor standard conventions for selecting the location where built artifacts are written to at installation time. For example, if it installs files on a POSIX system it MUST honor the DESTDIR environment variable. If there is no installation system or no standard convention, select "not applicable" (N/A). [installation_standard_variables]



    The project MUST provide a way for potential developers to quickly install all the project results and support environment necessary to make changes, including the tests and test environment. This MUST be performed with a commonly-used convention. [installation_development_quick]

    The project provides a quick and straightforward way for developers to install all necessary dependencies and set up the development environment using commonly-used conventions. This is documented in the CONTRIBUTING.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md.

    Development Setup:

    1. Using Poetry:

      • Clone the repository: git clone https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred.git
      • Navigate to the project directory: cd fedfred
      • Install dependencies: poetry install
      • Run tests: poetry run pytest
    2. Using Conda:

      • Clone the repository: git clone https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred.git
      • Navigate to the project directory: cd fedfred
      • Create a Conda environment: conda create -n fedfred-dev python=3.9
      • Activate the environment: conda activate fedfred-dev
      • Install dependencies: pip install -e ".[dev,types]"
      • Run tests: pytest

    These steps ensure that developers can quickly set up the environment and run tests to start contributing to the project.


  • Externally-maintained components


    The project MUST list external dependencies in a computer-processable way. (URL required) [external_dependencies]

    The project lists its external dependencies in a computer-processable way using pyproject.toml and poetry.lock files. These files are compatible with the Poetry package manager and specify all required dependencies, including their versions and groups (e.g., main, dev).

    The pyproject.toml file can be found at: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/pyproject.toml.
    The poetry.lock file can be found at: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/poetry.lock.



    Projects MUST monitor or periodically check their external dependencies (including convenience copies) to detect known vulnerabilities, and fix exploitable vulnerabilities or verify them as unexploitable. [dependency_monitoring]

    The project monitors its external dependencies for known vulnerabilities using automated tools and processes:

    GitHub Dependabot: Automatically scans dependencies for vulnerabilities and creates pull requests to update them when issues are detected. CodeQL: Performs security analysis on the codebase, including dependency vulnerabilities. Poetry: Dependency management ensures that only compatible and secure versions of packages are installed. These tools are integrated into the project's workflows and run regularly to ensure that vulnerabilities are detected and addressed promptly. For more details, see the SECURITY.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/SECURITY.md.



    The project MUST either:
    1. make it easy to identify and update reused externally-maintained components; or
    2. use the standard components provided by the system or programming language.
    Then, if a vulnerability is found in a reused component, it will be easy to update that component. [updateable_reused_components]

    The project meets this criterion by using standard Python package management systems, such as pip and poetry, to manage external dependencies. All reused components are listed in the pyproject.toml and poetry.lock files, making it easy to identify and update them. These files ensure that dependencies are managed in a centralized and consistent manner.

    Additionally, the project uses GitHub Dependabot to automatically monitor and suggest updates for dependencies when vulnerabilities or new versions are detected. For more details, see the pyproject.toml file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/pyproject.toml.



    The project SHOULD avoid using deprecated or obsolete functions and APIs where FLOSS alternatives are available in the set of technology it uses (its "technology stack") and to a supermajority of the users the project supports (so that users have ready access to the alternative). [interfaces_current]

    The project avoids using deprecated or obsolete functions and APIs by adhering to modern Python standards and regularly updating its dependencies. The project uses tools like pylint, mypy, and bandit to identify deprecated or unsafe code patterns. Additionally, dependency updates are managed through poetry and monitored using GitHub Dependabot to ensure compatibility with the latest versions of libraries.

    For more details, see the CONTRIBUTING.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md.


  • Automated test suite


    An automated test suite MUST be applied on each check-in to a shared repository for at least one branch. This test suite MUST produce a report on test success or failure. [automated_integration_testing]

    The project applies an automated test suite on each check-in to the shared repository for the main branch. This is implemented using GitHub Actions workflows, which run the test suite automatically on every push and pull request. The test suite uses pytest and generates a report on test success or failure.

    For more details, see the CONTRIBUTING.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md and the GitHub Actions workflows in the repository: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/actions.



    The project MUST add regression tests to an automated test suite for at least 50% of the bugs fixed within the last six months. [regression_tests_added50]

    The project includes regression tests for bugs fixed within the last six months as part of its automated test suite. All new functionality and bug fixes are required to have corresponding tests, as documented in the CONTRIBUTING.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md.

    Additionally, the CHANGELOG.md file (https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md) tracks bug fixes, and the associated tests are added to the tests directory to ensure coverage and prevent regressions.



    The project MUST have FLOSS automated test suite(s) that provide at least 80% statement coverage if there is at least one FLOSS tool that can measure this criterion in the selected language. [test_statement_coverage80]

    The project currently has an overall test coverage of 40%, as documented in the TEST_COVERAGE.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/TEST_COVERAGE.md. While the project does not yet meet the 80% statement coverage requirement, efforts are underway to improve test coverage, with a goal of achieving at least 80% overall coverage.

    The project uses pytest with the pytest-cov plugin to measure test coverage, and contributors are encouraged to write tests for all new functionality and bug fixes to help meet this goal.


  • New functionality testing


    The project MUST have a formal written policy that as major new functionality is added, tests for the new functionality MUST be added to an automated test suite. [test_policy_mandated]

    The project has a formal written policy requiring that tests for all new functionality be added to the automated test suite. This policy is documented in the CONTRIBUTING.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md.

    The policy states:

    • All new functionality must include appropriate tests in the automated test suite.
    • Tests should cover both success and error conditions, including edge cases.
    • Pull requests without adequate test coverage will not be merged.

    This ensures that the test suite remains comprehensive and up-to-date as the project evolves.



    The project MUST include, in its documented instructions for change proposals, the policy that tests are to be added for major new functionality. [tests_documented_added]
  • Warning flags


    Projects MUST be maximally strict with warnings in the software produced by the project, where practical. [warnings_strict]

    Yes, the project uses maximum strictness with warnings where practical. We enforce a high pylint score (9.0+), use strict type checking in mypy (with most error flags enabled), and run thorough security checks with bandit. These strict settings are enforced in CI for all PRs, and our CONTRIBUTING.md document explicitly requires all new code to pass these strict checks.


  • Secure development knowledge


    The project MUST implement secure design principles (from "know_secure_design"), where applicable. If the project is not producing software, select "not applicable" (N/A). [implement_secure_design]

    The project implements secure design principles as outlined in the SECURITY.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/SECURITY.md. These principles include:

    1. Fail-Safe Defaults: The API client enforces secure defaults, such as HTTPS for all communications and strict parameter validation.
    2. Complete Mediation: All API requests verify authentication and authorization, ensuring no bypassable access points.
    3. Economy of Mechanism: The codebase is modular and avoids unnecessary complexity, focusing on simplicity and maintainability.
    4. Separation of Privilege: The project recommends storing API keys in environment variables or secure vaults, separate from application code.
    5. Open Design: The project is open source, relying on proper key management and secure practices rather than obscurity.

    These principles ensure that the software is secure by design and adheres to best practices for secure development.


  • Use basic good cryptographic practices

    Note that some software does not need to use cryptographic mechanisms. If your project produces software that (1) includes, activates, or enables encryption functionality, and (2) might be released from the United States (US) to outside the US or to a non-US-citizen, you may be legally required to take a few extra steps. Typically this just involves sending an email. For more information, see the encryption section of Understanding Open Source Technology & US Export Controls.

    The default security mechanisms within the software produced by the project MUST NOT depend on cryptographic algorithms or modes with known serious weaknesses (e.g., the SHA-1 cryptographic hash algorithm or the CBC mode in SSH). [crypto_weaknesses]

    The project does not depend on cryptographic algorithms or modes with known serious weaknesses. It uses secure cryptographic libraries provided by Python's standard library or well-maintained third-party libraries, such as cryptography or hashlib, which default to secure algorithms like SHA-256 or AES-GCM.

    For more details on the project's security practices, see the SECURITY.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/SECURITY.md.



    The project SHOULD support multiple cryptographic algorithms, so users can quickly switch if one is broken. Common symmetric key algorithms include AES, Twofish, and Serpent. Common cryptographic hash algorithm alternatives include SHA-2 (including SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384 AND SHA-512) and SHA-3. [crypto_algorithm_agility]

    The project does not directly implement cryptographic algorithms but relies on well-maintained Python libraries like cryptography and hashlib for cryptographic operations. These libraries support multiple cryptographic algorithms, including AES, SHA-2, and SHA-3, ensuring algorithm agility. Users can leverage these libraries to switch algorithms if needed. For more details, see the SECURITY.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/SECURITY.md.



    The project MUST support storing authentication credentials (such as passwords and dynamic tokens) and private cryptographic keys in files that are separate from other information (such as configuration files, databases, and logs), and permit users to update and replace them without code recompilation. If the project never processes authentication credentials and private cryptographic keys, select "not applicable" (N/A). [crypto_credential_agility]

    The project processes authentication credentials, such as API keys, but does not store them directly. It supports storing these credentials separately from other information by recommending the use of environment variables or secure vaults. Users can update and replace these credentials without requiring code recompilation. This is documented in the SECURITY.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/SECURITY.md.



    The software produced by the project SHOULD support secure protocols for all of its network communications, such as SSHv2 or later, TLS1.2 or later (HTTPS), IPsec, SFTP, and SNMPv3. Insecure protocols such as FTP, HTTP, telnet, SSLv3 or earlier, and SSHv1 SHOULD be disabled by default, and only enabled if the user specifically configures it. If the software produced by the project does not support network communications, select "not applicable" (N/A). [crypto_used_network]

    The software produced by the project communicates with the FRED API exclusively over HTTPS, which uses TLS 1.2 or later for secure network communications. Insecure protocols such as HTTP are not supported. This ensures that all network communications are encrypted and secure by default.

    For more details, see the SECURITY.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/SECURITY.md.



    The software produced by the project SHOULD, if it supports or uses TLS, support at least TLS version 1.2. Note that the predecessor of TLS was called SSL. If the software does not use TLS, select "not applicable" (N/A). [crypto_tls12]

    The software produced by the project communicates with the FRED API exclusively over HTTPS, which uses TLS 1.2 or later for secure communication. Therefore, this criterion is met. For more details, see the SECURITY.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/SECURITY.md.



    The software produced by the project MUST, if it supports TLS, perform TLS certificate verification by default when using TLS, including on subresources. If the software does not use TLS, select "not applicable" (N/A). [crypto_certificate_verification]

    The software produced by the project supports TLS and performs TLS certificate verification by default for all HTTPS communications. This ensures secure connections when interacting with the FRED API and other resources. Certificate verification is enforced by the underlying HTTP client library (httpx) used in the project.

    For more details, see the SECURITY.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/SECURITY.md.



    The software produced by the project MUST, if it supports TLS, perform certificate verification before sending HTTP headers with private information (such as secure cookies). If the software does not use TLS, select "not applicable" (N/A). [crypto_verification_private]

    The software produced by the project supports TLS and performs certificate verification before sending HTTP headers with private information. This is enforced by the underlying HTTP client library (httpx), which ensures that all HTTPS connections verify certificates by default.

    For more details, see the SECURITY.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/SECURITY.md.


  • Secure release


    The project MUST cryptographically sign releases of the project results intended for widespread use, and there MUST be a documented process explaining to users how they can obtain the public signing keys and verify the signature(s). The private key for these signature(s) MUST NOT be on site(s) used to directly distribute the software to the public. If releases are not intended for widespread use, select "not applicable" (N/A). [signed_releases]

    The project cryptographically signs its releases intended for widespread use. All releases are signed with a GPG key, and the public key is made available for users to verify the signatures. The process for obtaining the public signing key and verifying signatures is documented in the SECURITY.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/SECURITY.md.

    To verify a release:

    1. Download the public GPG key from: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/main/fedfred_public_key.asc.
    2. Import the key: gpg --import fedfred_public_key.asc.
    3. Verify the release signature using: gpg --verify <release>.asc <release>.

    The private key used for signing is securely stored and is not present on public distribution sites.



    It is SUGGESTED that in the version control system, each important version tag (a tag that is part of a major release, minor release, or fixes publicly noted vulnerabilities) be cryptographically signed and verifiable as described in signed_releases. [version_tags_signed]

    The project cryptographically signs important version tags using GPG. Each release is signed and can be verified by users to ensure authenticity. The process for verifying signed tags is documented in the SECURITY.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/SECURITY.md.

    To verify a signed tag:

    Download the public GPG key: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/main/fedfred_public_key.asc. Import the key: gpg --import fedfred_public_key.asc. Verify the tag: git tag -v . This ensures that all major, minor, and vulnerability-fix releases are securely signed and verifiable.


  • Other security issues


    The project results MUST check all inputs from potentially untrusted sources to ensure they are valid (an *allowlist*), and reject invalid inputs, if there are any restrictions on the data at all. [input_validation]

    The project ensures input validation by implementing strict checks on all inputs from potentially untrusted sources. This is done using an allowlist approach, where inputs are validated against predefined rules and constraints. For example:

    Parameter Validation: The __parameter_validation method in the FredAPI class validates all API parameters, ensuring they meet specific criteria such as type, format, and value ranges. Type Annotations: The project uses Python's type hints (PEP 484) to enforce correct data types for function parameters and return values. Custom Validation Logic: Inputs like dates, category IDs, and series IDs are validated for format and logical correctness (e.g., valid date formats, non-negative integers). These validation mechanisms ensure that invalid or malicious inputs are rejected before processing. For more details, see the fedfred.py file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/src/fedfred/fedfred.py.



    Hardening mechanisms SHOULD be used in the software produced by the project so that software defects are less likely to result in security vulnerabilities. [hardening]

    The project incorporates hardening mechanisms to reduce the likelihood of software defects resulting in security vulnerabilities:

    HTTP Security: The project enforces HTTPS for all API communications, ensuring secure data transmission. Static Analysis: Tools like bandit are used to identify and mitigate common security issues in Python code. Dependency Management: Regular updates and dependency scanning with GitHub Dependabot ensure that third-party libraries are secure. Type Safety: The use of Python type hints and static type checking with mypy helps prevent undefined behavior. For more details, see the SECURITY.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/SECURITY.md.



    The project MUST provide an assurance case that justifies why its security requirements are met. The assurance case MUST include: a description of the threat model, clear identification of trust boundaries, an argument that secure design principles have been applied, and an argument that common implementation security weaknesses have been countered. (URL required) [assurance_case]

    The project provides an assurance case that justifies why its security requirements are met in the SECURITY.md file: https://github.com/nikhilxsunder/fedfred/blob/main/SECURITY.md.

    The assurance case includes:

    Threat Model: The SECURITY.md file identifies potential threats, such as insecure API key handling, injection in API parameters, and certificate verification bypass. Trust Boundaries: The document defines trust boundaries, such as the separation of API keys from application code and the use of HTTPS for all communications. Secure Design Principles: The project follows secure design principles, including fail-safe defaults, complete mediation, and separation of privilege, as outlined in the Security Design Principles section. Countering Common Weaknesses: The project addresses common implementation security weaknesses, such as dependency vulnerabilities, insecure deserialization, and regular expression denial of service (ReDoS), through dependency scanning, strict input validation, and careful design. This comprehensive assurance case demonstrates the project's commitment to meeting its security requirements.


  • Static code analysis


    The project MUST use at least one static analysis tool with rules or approaches to look for common vulnerabilities in the analyzed language or environment, if there is at least one FLOSS tool that can implement this criterion in the selected language. [static_analysis_common_vulnerabilities]

    Yes, the project uses Bandit, a security-focused static analysis tool specifically designed to detect common vulnerabilities in Python code. Bandit is configured in our development environment, integrated into our pre-commit hooks, and runs automatically in our CI/CD pipeline. This helps us identify security issues early in the development process, as documented in our CONTRIBUTING.md file.


  • Dynamic code analysis


    If the software produced by the project includes software written using a memory-unsafe language (e.g., C or C++), then at least one dynamic tool (e.g., a fuzzer or web application scanner) MUST be routinely used in combination with a mechanism to detect memory safety problems such as buffer overwrites. If the project does not produce software written in a memory-unsafe language, choose "not applicable" (N/A). [dynamic_analysis_unsafe]

    Python is memory safe.



This data is available under the Community Data License Agreement – Permissive, Version 2.0 (CDLA-Permissive-2.0). This means that a Data Recipient may share the Data, with or without modifications, so long as the Data Recipient makes available the text of this agreement with the shared Data. Please credit Nikhil Sunder and the OpenSSF Best Practices badge contributors.

Project badge entry owned by: Nikhil Sunder.
Entry created on 2025-03-10 22:37:43 UTC, last updated on 2025-04-08 16:20:18 UTC. Last achieved passing badge on 2025-03-12 00:47:43 UTC.

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